{"id":9395,"date":"2020-01-15T21:58:31","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T18:58:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sarap-ve-sarapcilik-gecmisi\/"},"modified":"2020-01-15T21:58:31","modified_gmt":"2020-01-15T18:58:31","slug":"sarap-ve-sarapcilik-gecmisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/sarap-ve-sarapcilik-gecmisi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015earap ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\t\t\u015earap \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/strong> insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131ndan beri. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, \u015farap ilham yarat\u0131c\u0131 insan ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fturmak, ama olabilir, ve onu yok.\n<\/p>\n

\nEski \u00e7a\u011flarda, daha 6 000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce s\u00fcmerler ve \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c\u0435 tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Hestia ald\u0131 alt\u0131nda kendi himayesi \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131 ve \u015farap yapmak. Belki de bu y\u00fczden duygu \u00abihale kad\u0131nl\u0131k\u00bb ince \u015faraplar gibi burgonya pinot noir.
\n \u0130\u015fte erkek ruhu getirdi tanr\u0131, Eski M\u0131s\u0131r Osiris \u00f6\u011fretti bir insan, nas\u0131l-e do\u011fru bakmak i\u00e7in vah\u015fi asma, sonra i\u015fe, g\u00fczel bir \u015farap.\n<\/p>\n

\nYunanl\u0131lar bu tanr\u0131 idi, Dionysos. Roma denilen \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c g\u00f6re mitler, e\u011flenceli bir \u0431\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c ve \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c ra\u011fmen, o\u011fullar\u0131ndan biri kudretli Zeus. Bacchus insanlara yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in en az\u0131ndan bir s\u00fcre s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 unutun ve bol mutlu bir ya\u015fam. Onu her yerde e\u015flik etti ayn\u0131 kendisi gibi, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u015firket: hiciv ile \u043a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 tekme, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 k\u0131zlar (maenads) ve ya\u015fl\u0131, G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, oturan \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c e\u015fek ile… Festival vard\u0131 dayan\u0131lmaz komik, burada bir bereket g\u0131da ve \u015farap, ve tabii ki, a\u015fk t\u00fcm tezah\u00fcrlerini. Bu tatil tasvir de\u011fil, sadece antik ustalar\u0131, boyal\u0131 hikayeler, bu konuda eski damarlar\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcnl\u00fc sanat\u00e7\u0131 Michelangelo, Caravaggio, Rubens ve ark.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u015eampiyonluk yap\u0131m\u0131nda \u015farap, kesinlikle ait eski yunanl\u0131lar. Onlar\u0131n \u015farap, \u00f6zellikle k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u2013 her zaman tatl\u0131, sert ve kokulu. Zafer \u00fcretilen Rodos ve Sak\u0131z adas\u0131’n\u0131n \u015farap geldi kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda ve di\u011fer belgelerde eski zamanlara kadar. Homer yaz\u0131yor bu \u015faraplar, onlar ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043e-tatl\u0131, tatl\u0131-kokulu ve \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. Onlar\u0131 suland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in su oran\u0131 bire yirmi ve hala onlar \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 onun \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e lezzet.\n<\/p>\n

\n Kirac\u0131 ve \u015farap \u00fcreticileri s\u00fcrekli yap\u0131lan yeni deneyler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u015farap hi\u00e7bir ek\u015fi, eklendi, i\u00e7ine tuz veya al\u00e7\u0131 ve bazen k\u00fcl\u00fc yer \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 asma. Ezilmi\u015f badem (tatl\u0131 veya ac\u0131), kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm, bal ve di\u011fer tatl\u0131lar-baharat kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 su\u00e7u \u00f6zel bir koku. Bunun i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lan inf\u00fczyon aromatik ve t\u0131bbi bitkiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, antik yunan hekim Hipokrat (V \u2013 IV. y\u00fczy\u0131l m. \u00f6.) ‘ i \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c eklemek \u015farap, tent\u00fcr, pelin almak i\u00e7in \u015fifal\u0131 bir i\u00e7ecek. Daha sonra, bu \u015farap denilen geldi vermut.\n<\/p>\n

\nFermantasyon \u015farap oldu a\u00e7\u0131k bir yerde g\u00fcne\u015fli havalarda veya bodrum b\u00fcy\u00fck damarlarda kil, kim \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131 \u043f\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0441\u044b. \u00d6nce d\u00f6kmek \u015farap, yeni hasat onlar\u0131 iyice y\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f, kurutulmu\u015f, ve daha sonra fumigated oyland\u0131 gri. Varil o zaman hen\u00fcz icat edilmemi\u015fti, ve \u015farap \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c be\u015f ila on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u0430\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0435 hangi g\u00f6stermekte y\u0131l ve yer, almak, listesi, t\u00fcm maddeler vard\u0131 ona eklendi.\n<\/p>\n

\nMevzuat Roma’n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tekel, kendi \u015farap ticareti. Ve sadece \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda sezar \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441 kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 il \u015fehirler. O zaman geri say\u0131m ba\u015flar, avrupa \u015farap. Tad\u0131 \u015farap \u00fcretilen \u00fcz\u00fcm, yak\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frendim sakinleri, \u0130skandinav yar\u0131madas\u0131, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra uzak Hindistan.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0130talyan Kampanya kapsam \u0424\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0441 ald\u0131 \u015f\u00f6hret, \u00fcnl\u00fc beyaz \u0444\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 su\u00e7u, bir hala bir ba\u015fyap\u0131t ve \u015fu anda \u00fcretilen vatan\u0131. <\/p>\n

O vakit bizden zamanlarda, \u015farap presleri hen\u00fcz icat, ve erkekler bu yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yal\u0131nayak. Ama, ilgin\u00e7tir, baz\u0131 olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015farap \u00fcretim \u00e7iftlikleri, b\u00f6yle bir y\u00f6ntem uygulan\u0131r ve \u015fimdi, hatta \u00fcretiminde s\u00f6zde asil bir \u015farap.\n<\/p>\n

\nBug\u00fcnlerde, \u015farap \u00fcreticileri, \u00e7o\u011funlukla, \u00fcretmek sek \u015farap. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131k \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e bug\u00fcnlerde gelen antik \u00e7a\u011flardan beri. Eski zamanlarda sakinleri, Yunanistan ve Roma’da kullan\u0131lan \u015farap, razbaviv su. Ve hatta mahkum barbarlar aras\u0131nda bulunan tedavi ve iskitler, kullan\u0131m\u0131na \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u015farap, bir ve adl\u0131 kuru.\n<\/p>\n

\nBir\u00e7ok \u015fairler \u00f6vg\u00fc \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yledi sevin\u00e7 verir, iyi bir \u015farap. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir \u015fair Antik Yunan \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043d ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f VI \u2013 V yy, muhte\u015fem bir \u015fiir, birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l terc\u00fcme bizim \u015fair Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. <\/p>\n

\u015earap seyreltilmi\u015f su ile \u00e7e\u015fitli oranlarda, bazen su yerine buz ilave edildi. (bkz: hakk\u0131nda inceltme \u015farap ve su).\n<\/p>\n

\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, sek \u015farap almak i\u015flemi sindirim \u00fcz\u00fcm suyu kaybolana kadar o \u015feker. Bu \u015farap gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor asidik olanlar, oyun i\u00e7mek, yar\u0131 tatl\u0131 ve tatl\u0131 sovyet \u015farap. Ancak, \u00e7o\u011fu bilenler tercih ederim sek \u015farap, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r buket ve lezzet potansiyel bir i\u00e7ecek.\n<\/p>\n

\nAntik \u015farap bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r b\u00fcy\u00fck seramik kaplar (krater) ve \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445 d\u00f6kt\u00fc yurt, onlar\u0131 \u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0438 (\u00f6zel s\u00fcrahi ile \u00fc\u00e7 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043b\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438). \u0130\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan d\u00fcz kase sapl\u0131 ve kulplu (\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a) veya oval kaplar \u2013 \u0444\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b. B\u00f6yle bir gemi alacak yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 gram \u015farap.\n<\/p>\n

\nSo\u011futmak i\u00e7in \u015farap, onun i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir gemi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zenekli seramik. Oraya \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 so\u011fuk su, hangi ayakta tuttu\u011fu bir kap \u015farap. \u015earap i\u00e7me ve s\u0131cak, \u0131s\u0131nma, onu bak\u0131r \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0441\u0430\u0445 (haline atalar\u0131d\u0131r mevcut \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432). Bu \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0441\u0435 yan oldu boru, \u2013 ona \u0437\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c yak\u0131t (k\u00f6m\u00fcr); \u015farap \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u00fc\u00e7-d\u00f6rt dakika.\n<\/p>\n

\nRoma ileri gelenleri, vatanda\u015flar tercih biraz at\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak yalan. K\u00f6le-\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 yak\u0131ndan takip etmek i\u00e7in otel veya ailesinin \u00fcyeleri i\u015fgal yata\u011f\u0131, konumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re. Olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k bu gibi \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430\u0445 kat\u0131lan gen\u00e7 vard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte evli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0443\u043c verilmemi\u015fti. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar kullanmad\u0131k kafas\u0131na \u00e7elenk mersin (efsaneye g\u00f6re, mersin rahatlat\u0131r sarho\u015fluk) ve boynuna \u00e7elenk \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7an bir bitki. V\u00fccut \u0443\u043c\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e kokulu merhem. Olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k olu\u015fuyordu bahis, kim daha fazla i\u00e7er \u015farap de\u011fil \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432. Vard\u0131 ve di\u011fer do\u011fa\u00e7lama. Kontroll\u00fc g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0430 se\u00e7ilmi\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar \u015f\u00f6len “hakem \u0431\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0438” (atmaca a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131).\n<\/p>\n

\nAntik Yunanistan ve Antik Roma vard\u0131, g\u00fczel bir yasa. \u015earap yoktu t\u00fcketilmesi otuz be\u015f y\u0131l. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011feri vard\u0131, do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen veya sat\u0131n al\u0131nan duygusu…\n<\/p>\n

\nZaman zaman eski zamanlarda bir peri \u0130ran kurallar\u0131 efsanevi bir \u015fah Jamshid, s\u0131k s\u0131k alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f denilmektedir. Ona atfedilen bir \u015fey \u00f6\u011fretti insanlar, \u00e7e\u015fitli el sanatlar\u0131, hayvan derileri yerini \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 elbise, \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0435 ve n\u00fcfus b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinde bar, ortaya bir kavram olan devlet.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u015eah g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak y\u0131l\u0131n herhangi bir zaman\u0131nda yemek s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u00e7ki kadehi hafif\u00e7e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u00fcz\u00fcm suyu. Bir g\u00fcn biri onun en sevdi\u011fi k\u00f6lesi \u015fikayet, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u00fczerinde ac\u0131 veren ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve uzun s\u00fcreli uykusuzluk, o zaten ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu, tahamm\u00fcl ve tercih zehir i\u00e7mek i\u00e7in sadece kurtulmak i\u00e7in bir i\u015fkence. \u015eah gizlice buyurdu\u011fu i\u00e7in, kase yerine zehir d\u00f6kt\u00fc \u015farap. Bunu i\u00e7tikten sonra g\u00fczel uyard\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm, ancak bunun yerine, onu sonunda terk ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131. O zaman k\u00f6le i\u00e7tim iki kase ve uyudu. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0432 birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn uyand\u0131m, o tamamen sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u015fah. Bu olaydan sonra \u015fah ferman, yetki \u00fcretmek ve t\u00fcketmek \u015farap sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli.\n<\/p>\n

\nBirka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l oldu ve vatanda\u015f\u0131 efsanevi \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0448\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u00d6mer Hayyam de\u011fil da harcan\u0131r-biter arabas\u0131 din adamlar\u0131 \u00f6vmek \u015farap kendi \u0440\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0438.\n<\/p>\n

Ve birka\u00e7 kelime \u015fampanya hakk\u0131nda<\/h2>\n

\nTek kelime “\u015eampanya” bizi ya\u015famaya biraz heyecan. \u015eampanya bir bardak g\u00f6ze ho\u015f parlak \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u00fckselen kabarc\u0131klar\u0131, onun b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici bir oyun.
\n\u0130lk al\u0131c\u0131 \u015fampanya \u2013 frans\u0131z kral\u0131 Louis XIV iyiydi takdir, iyi \u015faraplar ve gurme yiyecekler. Versailles kral i\u00e7in in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve konumunun tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n saray\u0131 Galeri ile Aynalar, Paris vard\u0131 \u0437\u0430\u0436\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b sokak lambalar\u0131. \u015eampanya ayn\u0131 onun oyunculuk hala onlara parlakl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde, XIV.\n<\/p>\n

\nAncak, kraliyet hayat medic ba\u015fard\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in, kral alt\u0131nda, hayat\u0131n\u0131n son emretti servis yap\u0131n ona \u015fampanya ve bir s\u00fcre sonra vefat etti. <\/p>\n

Millet karar verdi, ne \u015fampanya sahiptir \u015fifa nitelikleri ve oldu t\u00fcketmek daha fazla.\n<\/p>\n

\n1806 y\u0131l\u0131nda frans\u0131z veuve Clicquot, g\u00f6mme, e\u015finiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 uygulamak, onun \u015fampanya rusya pazar\u0131nda. Ama k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131. 1814 y\u0131l\u0131nda napolyon Bonapart tahttan \u00e7ekildi ve yolda \u015eampanya rus askerleri bulundu mahzenleri, dul, olan, olarak, dolu bir \u015farap. Askerler kutlamak i\u00e7in zafer neredeyse harap kiler. Biri \u015farap \u00fcreticileri ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131 kad\u0131na: “Han\u0131mefendi! Onlar \u00e7arp\u0131yor kilitler ve i\u00e7me \u015farap!”. Ama madam beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde cevap verdi: “B\u0131rak i\u00e7mek, sonra \u00f6deme!”. Ve birka\u00e7 ay sonra \u015fampanya “veuve Clicquot” zaten sat\u0131ld\u0131, Petersburg ve 12 tl \u015fi\u015fe ba\u015f\u0131na. Bir hayran\u0131 olarak, \u015fampanya veuve Clicquot oldu ve Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. “Veuve clicquot” ve \u015fimdi kabul prestijli bir marka \u015farap. <\/p>\n

Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 size tatt\u0131rarak!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015earap \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131ndan beri. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, \u015farap ilham yarat\u0131c\u0131 insan ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fturmak, ama olabilir, ve onu yok. Eski \u00e7a\u011flarda, daha 6…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ilgili-bilgiler"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9395"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9395\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}