{"id":8241,"date":"2020-01-14T22:00:38","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T19:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tokai\/"},"modified":"2020-01-14T22:00:38","modified_gmt":"2020-01-14T19:00:38","slug":"tokai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/tokai\/","title":{"rendered":"Tokai"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tokajsk\u00e9 (Tokaj), alebo Tokajsk\u00e9ho-Hedaya (Tokaj-Hegyalja) je dlhodobo jedn\u00fdm z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch vin\u00e1rskych regi\u00f3n v Ma\u010farsku, vo ve\u013ekej miere, preto\u017ee jeho bo\u017esky sladk\u00e9 nectars rovnak\u00e9ho mena, z\u00edskan\u00e9 z infikovan\u00fdch o Tokajsk\u00fdch v\u00ednach, najm\u00e4 Tokaji Asz\u00fa.\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V Ma\u010farsku regi\u00f3ne je oce\u0148ovan\u00e9 tak, \u017ee aj uveden\u00e9 v n\u00e1rodnom hymna so slovami v\u010faky za to, \u010do Tokajsk\u00e9ho sz\u0151l\u0151vesszein nekt\u00e1rt csepegtett\u00e9l \u2013 „b\u00fada nekt\u00e1r z vin\u00edc Tokaj“. A na ozna\u010den\u00ed za korunu nesie n\u00e1pis „Vinum Regum, Rex Vinorum“ (V\u00edno kr\u00e1\u013eov, kr\u00e1\u013e v\u00edn). <\/p>\n

N\u00e1zov Tokaj<\/h2>\n

\n Okolo n\u00e1zov Tokajsk\u00e9 dlho tam bol s\u00fadnych sporov, najm\u00e4 od roku 1990, ke\u010f Ma\u010farsko zaviedol pr\u00edsne normy pre jeho vin\u00e1rstvo.\n <\/p>\n

V roku 2007, n\u00e1zov Tokaj z\u00edskala \u0161tat\u00fat chr\u00e1nen\u00e9ho appellation p\u00f4vodu, ktor\u00fdch pou\u017eitie je povolen\u00e9 len na v\u00fdrobcov z regi\u00f3nu Tokaj-Hegyalja.<\/p>\n

Eur\u00f3pska \u00dania prijala toto ustanovenie napriek hlasn\u00e9 protesty v\u00fdrobcov Alsaska (kde Tokajsk\u00e9 po mnoho rokov sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako synonymum pre Pinot Gris) a aj Taliani z Friuli (kde slovo tradi\u010dne znamenalo, Tocai Friulano odrody).\n<\/p>\n

\n V regi\u00f3ne sa nach\u00e1dza v severov\u00fdchodnom Ma\u010farsku, na hranici so Slovenskom. Je to o 30 miest a ded\u00edn na ploche pribli\u017ene rovnak\u00e1, Zlat\u00e9 Svahu z Burgundska (Cote d ‚ or). Na samom ju\u017enom okraji je meste\u010dka Tokaj, ktor\u00fd dal meno cel\u00e9mu regi\u00f3nu a jeho v\u00edn. Spolu s n\u00edm najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch vin\u00e1rskych centier tohto regi\u00f3nu je mesto mad (M\u00e1d) a Tarcal (Tarcal).\n <\/p>\n

Kl\u00edma Tokaj-chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 obl\u00faku Karp\u00e1t, relat\u00edvne tepl\u00e9. P\u00f4dy regi\u00f3nu \u2013 patchwork deka z najr\u00f4znej\u0161ie typy. Na svahoch dominuje sope\u010dn\u00e9 hlinou, na podhor\u00ed a plains \u2013 z v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej \u010dasti na spra\u0161ov\u00fdch a in\u00fdch usaden\u00e9 horniny. Pri pobre\u017e\u00ed Bodrog rieka, ktor\u00e1 te\u010die pozd\u013a\u017e V\u00fdchodnej hranice regi\u00f3nu dominuje pieso\u010dnat\u00fdch p\u00f4dach, najm\u00e4 v okol\u00ed mesta Tokaj.\n <\/p>\n

Hrozno<\/h2>\n

6 odr\u00f4d ofici\u00e1lne povolen\u00e9 pri v\u00fdrobe v\u00edna Tokaj.\n <\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00fdm 3 odr\u00f4d:<\/b><\/p>\n

Furmint (Furmint, 60% v\u00fdsadieb v regi\u00f3ne), Harslevelu (H\u00e1rslevel\u0171) a Mu\u0161k\u00e1t \u017elt\u00fd (miestne. S\u00e1rga Muskot\u00e1ly), v tomto porad\u00ed pre v\u00fdznam.\n <\/p>\n

Furmint, Tokajsk\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 je dominantn\u00e1 v zmesi, zn\u00e1me pre vysok\u00fd obsah kysel\u00edn, vysok\u00fd obsah cukru a svetl\u00e9 aromatick\u00fd profil. Prv\u00e9 dve funkcie poskytuj\u00fa v\u00edna ve\u013emi vysokej starnutia potenci\u00e1l, a tret\u00edm charakteristick\u00fd znak, ktor\u00fd ich odli\u0161uje od in\u00fdch sl\u00e1vnych sladk\u00fdch v\u00edn na svete.\n <\/p>\n

Klasick\u00e1 zmes ACS (pozri ni\u017e\u0161ie) obsahuje v\u0161etky tri z t\u00fdchto odr\u00f4d.<\/p>\n

Muscat je zvy\u010dajne ve\u013emi mal\u00e9 \u010dasti. Existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak aj monosortovye v\u00edna, dokonca vyroben\u00e9 zo 100% Muscat, ako p\u00f4vodn\u00fd Muskot\u00e1lyos Asz\u00fa.\n <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Zost\u00e1vaj\u00facich troch odr\u00f4d:<\/b><\/p>\n

Zeta (Z\u00e9ta), predt\u00fdm zn\u00e1my ako oremus (Oremus) \u2013 hybridn\u00fdch odr\u00f4d Furmint a Bouvier (Bouvier).\n <\/p>\n

Kabar (Kabar) \u2013 hybrid Harslevelu a Bouvier.\n <\/p>\n

Coverdale (K\u00f6v\u00e9rsz\u0151l\u0151 ) \u2013 rumunsk\u00e1 odroda, p\u00f4vodne z Transylv\u00e1nie, zn\u00e1my ako gra\u00e7a de Cotnari (ruminski. Gras\u0103 de Cotnari) alebo Resertraube.\n <\/p>\n

V 18-19 storo\u010d\u00ed bolo viac triedy Gohar (Goher), ktor\u00fd hral hlavn\u00fa \u00falohu vo v\u00fdrobe v\u00edna ASU a Podstatu, ale t\u00e1to odroda zahynuli v fylox\u00e9re epid\u00e9mie v roku 1880. Teraz experimenty realizovan\u00e9 na jeho o\u017eivenie a vyu\u017eitie v modern\u00fdch Tokai, ale e\u0161te nie s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 v \u00faradnom zozname. <\/p>\n

Vyberte sladk\u00e9 Tokaji<\/h2>\n

\n ACS (Asz\u00fa)<\/strong> \u2013 kateg\u00f3ria sladk\u00e9 v\u00edna z\u00edskan\u00e9 z infikovan\u00fdch, t.j. v\u00edna z bob\u00fa\u013e ovplyvnen\u00e9 „u\u0161\u013eachtil\u00e1 hniloba“ Botrytis cinerea, vybran\u00e9 z v\u00edna v ruke. T\u00e1to huba dehydratuje hrozna na v\u00edno, \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje koncentr\u00e1cia cukrov a d\u00e1va v\u00edna z t\u00fdchto bob\u00fa\u013e \u0161peci\u00e1lne v\u00f4\u0148ou medu a tropick\u00e9ho ovocia.\n <\/p>\n

Sladkos\u0165 v\u00edna Asz\u00fa je definovan\u00fd v „puttonyos“ (puttonyos). Puttonyo, doslova „chrbtovej“ je n\u00e1zov ve\u013ek\u00fd batoh k\u00f4\u0161 na zber hrozna s kapacitou 25 kg. Po\u010det tak\u00fdchto ko\u0161ov s vybran\u00fdmi z\u00edskan\u00e9 z infikovan\u00fdch hrozna na 136-litrov\u00fd sud base v\u00edna bol tradi\u010dne pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v Tokaji na ur\u010denie sladk\u00e9 v\u00edna z ASU. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V modern\u00fdch podmienkach, tento syst\u00e9m premenil na presnej\u0161ie merania v g \/ l zvy\u0161kov\u00e9ho cukru hotov\u00e9ho v\u00edna.<\/p>\n

Tri puttonyos \u2013 Asz\u00fa 3 puttonyos \u2013 zodpovedaj\u00fa 60 gramov cukru na liter hotov\u00e9ho v\u00edna. Od roku 1945 do roku 2014, to bola stredov\u00e1 sladk\u00e9 v\u00edna ACS (a\u017e do roku 1945 bolo aspo\u0148 2 puttonyos). Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u00fdchto polonio je plus 30 g \/ l na predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facu \u00farove\u0148.\n <\/p>\n

2014 z kateg\u00f3rie vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e9 Asz\u00fa v\u00edna, 3 a 4 puttonyos. Od tej doby, v\u00edna kateg\u00f3ria je reprezentovan\u00e1 5 puttonyos (120g \/ l) a 6 puttonyos (150 g \/ l)<\/p>\n

Kvasenie trv\u00e1 nieko\u013eko mesiacov. Potom v\u00edno je vo veku 3-8 rokov v oxidat\u00edvnym sp\u00f4sobom, t. j. s kysl\u00edkom. <\/p>\n

ASU vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd rok. Zaka\u017ed\u00fdm, ke\u010f vin\u00e1r rozhodne, \u010di s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 plod\u00edn na v\u00fdrobu t\u00fdchto v\u00edn. <\/p>\n

Tokaji Asz\u00fa Eszencia (Tokaji asz\u00fa Podstate)<\/strong> \u2013 v\u00edna so zvy\u0161kov\u00fdm cukrom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako 180 g \/ l v\u00edno prestala zada\u0165 po\u010det puttonyos, ale m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee zodpovedaj\u00fa hodnoty 7-10 puttonyos.<\/p>\n

Term\u00edn ASU Podstate zn\u00e1me od za\u010diatku 19. storo\u010dia. V „rok kom\u00e9ta“ (1811) bol prepusten\u00fd na prv\u00fa v\u00edno, ktor\u00e9 pri\u0161li na trh s ozna\u010den\u00edm. Ofici\u00e1lna kateg\u00f3ria to bolo v roku 1970 a zostala v priebehu a\u017e do roku 2009.<\/p>\n

\nV roku 2009, kateg\u00f3rie Tokaji Asz\u00fa Eszencia bol ofici\u00e1lne zru\u0161en\u00fd, aby nedo\u0161lo k z\u00e1mene s Tokaji Essencia<\/p>\n

Tokaji Essencia (Tokaji Podstate)<\/strong> \u2013 sladk\u00e1 verzia s obsahom cukru v hotov\u00fdch v\u00edno nie men\u0161\u00edm ako 450 g \/ L. V niektor\u00fdch vzork\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 800 g \/ L. Vyroben\u00e9 zo \u0161\u0165avy z\u00edskan\u00e9 z infikovan\u00fdch hrozna, vysypan\u00fd gravit\u00e1ciou pod\u013ea vlastnej hmotnosti bob\u00fa\u013e. Kvasenie tejto bodkovan\u00fd m\u00e1 fantasticky dlho: pre niektor\u00e9 roky v\u00edna m\u00f4\u017eu sk\u00f3re len 5-7 stup\u0148ov ABV.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

N\u00e1poj s ako sladkos\u0165 a sila je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 uveri\u0165, \u017ee v\u00edno. Je to elegantn\u00e9, mierne kysl\u00e1 \u0161\u0165ava z z\u00edskan\u00e9 z infikovan\u00fdch hrozna. Nie je prekvapen\u00edm, Eszencia je najviac vz\u00e1cne a drah\u00e9 v\u00edna typu Asz\u00fa, a jeden z najdrah\u0161\u00edch medzi sladk\u00fdch v\u00edn na svete.\n<\/p>\n

Rod\u00e1k Tokajsk\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n

\n Szamorodni (Pol. doslovne: „to, \u010do sa rod\u00ed“) \u2013 Tokaji v\u00edno, ktor\u00e9 nie je Asz\u00fa. Toto v\u00edno dost\u00e1va ove\u013ea menej pozornosti v\u00edno verejnosti. Po\u013esk\u00e9 meno je spojen\u00e9 s historick\u00e9 trhu pre tento typ ma\u010farsk\u00e9 v\u00edno. <\/p>\n

V t\u00fdch rokoch, ke\u010f sa na vini\u010d, len p\u00e1r bobule s\u00fa ovplyvnen\u00e9 Botrytis, \u010do manu\u00e1lny v\u00fdber nie je ekonomicky uskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00e9, a plodiny je \u00faplne odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd. I. e. toto v\u00edno je vyroben\u00e9 z plod\u00edn, v ktor\u00fdch je \u010das\u0165 z\u00edskan\u00e9 z infikovan\u00fdch bobu\u013eov\u00edn spolu s obvykl\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Tokaji Szamorodni<\/strong> (Tokaji Szamorodni) je tie\u017e rozdelen\u00e9 pod\u013ea obsahu cukru: such\u00e9 sz\u00e1raz (Saros) na sladk\u00e9 \u00e9des (IDAs). V sweet minim\u00e1lnym obsahom cukru 30 g\/l.\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V typickej Tokaji szamorodni obsah cukru je porovnate\u013en\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 2-3 puttonyos. Zvy\u010dajne toto v\u00edno zreje nieko\u013eko rokov a mierne oxidat\u00edvnym charakter. Such\u00e9 verzia pripom\u00edna \u0161panielsky sherry a franc\u00fazsky „\u017elt\u00e9 v\u00edno“ (FR. vin jaune).\n<\/p>\n

Such\u00e9 Tokaji<\/h2>\n

\n V 21. storo\u010d\u00ed st\u00e1le viac a viac popularita za\u010dala z\u00edska\u0165 such\u00e9 Tokajsk\u00e9 v\u00edna \u2013 v s\u00falade s glob\u00e1lnymi spotrebite\u013esk\u00e9 trendy. Such\u00e9 Tokajsk\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 rozdelen\u00e9 do dvoch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Fermentovan\u00e9 v nerezov\u00fdch tankoch svie\u017ee v\u00edno, v ide\u00e1lnom pr\u00edpade opit\u00fd v prv\u00fdch rokoch po zbere \u00farody<\/li>\n
  • Zreje v dubov\u00fdch v\u00edno s potenci\u00e1lom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    A ak v prvej kateg\u00f3rii pou\u017ei\u0165 \u010diasto\u010dne z\u00edskan\u00e9 z infikovan\u00fdch hrozna, druh\u00fd (relat\u00edvne v\u00e1\u017ene kateg\u00f3rii such\u00fdch v\u00edn) jeho pr\u00edchute nie s\u00fa celkom vhodn\u00e9. Zvy\u010dajne na \u0161t\u00edtok ozna\u010duje, odrody, a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou to je Furmint.\n<\/p>\n

    \n \u00darodu v Tokajskej je komplexn\u00e1 zd\u013ahav\u00fdch udalos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 pozost\u00e1va z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch et\u00e1p.
    \n Prv\u00fd hrozna zo zberu v septembri, \u00eds\u0165 do v\u00fdroby \u010doraz popul\u00e1rnej\u0161ie such\u00e9 v\u00edna. Drah\u00e9 \u00farody su\u0161en\u00e9 bobule pre Asz\u00fa zozbieran\u00e9 nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov nesk\u00f4r, niekedy hrozna zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa na vini\u010da a\u017e do decembra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tokajsk\u00e9 (Tokaj), alebo Tokajsk\u00e9ho-Hedaya (Tokaj-Hegyalja) je dlhodobo jedn\u00fdm z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch vin\u00e1rskych regi\u00f3n v Ma\u010farsku, vo ve\u013ekej miere, preto\u017ee jeho bo\u017esky sladk\u00e9 nectars rovnak\u00e9ho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-suvisiace-informacie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8241"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8241\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}