{"id":8189,"date":"2020-01-14T21:32:01","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T18:32:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/vino-a-vinarstvo-v-historii\/"},"modified":"2020-01-14T21:32:01","modified_gmt":"2020-01-14T18:32:01","slug":"vino-a-vinarstvo-v-historii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/vino-a-vinarstvo-v-historii\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00edno a vin\u00e1rstvo v hist\u00f3rii"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2f15f0328402e380306422d7ded71abd.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\t\t<strong>V\u00edno sa objavil<\/strong> na \u00fasvite \u013eudstva. Ako je zn\u00e1me, v\u00edno m\u00f4\u017ee in\u0161pirova\u0165 kreat\u00edvny \u010dlovek vytvori\u0165 majstrovsk\u00e9 diela, ale m\u00f4\u017ee aj zni\u010di\u0165 ho.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV d\u00e1vnych dob\u00e1ch viac ako 6000 rokov pred Sumerians v Mezopot\u00e1mii, bohyne str\u00e1nke nov\u00e9 funkcie vzal pod jeho patron\u00e1tom vinice a v\u00fdroba v\u00edna. Mo\u017eno to je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do pocit &#8222;jemn\u00fd \u017eenstva&#8220; v jemn\u00fdch v\u00edn, ako s\u00fa Burgundian Pinot Noir.<br \/>\n Ale mu\u017esk\u00e9ho ducha priniesol Bohu Starovek\u00e9ho Egypta Osiris, ktor\u00fd u\u010dil \u013eud\u00ed, ako sa spr\u00e1vne stara\u0165 o wild vinice, potom sa ve\u013ek\u00e9 v\u00edno.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nMedzi Gr\u00e9kmi tento Boh bol Dion\u00fdza. V R\u00edme ho naz\u00fdvali Bacchus, ktor\u00ed, pod\u013ea mytol\u00f3gie, bol Vesel\u00fd \u010dlovek a vtip\u00e1lek, aj ke\u010f, a jeden zo synov mocn\u00fd Zeus. Bacchus \u013eu\u010fom pomohlo aspo\u0148 do\u010dasne zabudnite na nudu a ve\u013ea te\u0161i\u0165 sa zo \u017eivota. Bolo sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e9 celom ako je s\u00e1m, vesel\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti: satyrs s kozie nohy, hubat\u00fd diev\u010da (bacchantes) a star\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia Silenus sedie\u0165 na povoln\u00fd som\u00e1r&#8230; Festivalu bol neodolate\u013ene vtipn\u00e9, bolo tam mno\u017estvo m\u00e4sa a v\u00edna, a samozrejme, l\u00e1sky vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch jej prejavoch. Tieto sviatky boli zast\u00fapen\u00e9 nielen star\u00fdch majstrov, ktor\u00ed ma\u013eovan\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu na star\u00fdch n\u00e1dob, ale sl\u00e1vnych umelcov Michelangelo, Caravaggia, Rubens, at\u010f.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPrevaha vo v\u00fdrobe v\u00edna, samozrejme, patr\u00ed do starovek\u00ed Gr\u00e9ci. Ich v\u00edna \u2013 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou red \u2013 boli v\u017edy sladk\u00e9, siln\u00e1 a aromatick\u00e1. Sl\u00e1va je vyroben\u00fd v Rhodos a Balzamy v\u00edna pri\u0161iel v Kroniky a in\u00e9 dokumenty staroveku k na\u0161ej doby. Homer sa p\u00ed\u0161e o t\u00fdchto v\u00edn je, \u017ee s\u00fa ve\u013emi medovo-sladk\u00e9, sladko vo\u0148aj\u00face a vo\u0148av\u00e9. M\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zrieden\u00fd s vodou v pomere jeden a\u017e dvadsa\u0165, a st\u00e1le sa neprehrali ich piercing ar\u00f3mu.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n Pestovatelia a vin\u00e1ri s\u00fa neust\u00e1le vykona\u0165 nov\u00e9 experimenty. Napr\u00edklad tak, \u017ee v\u00edno nie je zase kysl\u00e9, ochuten\u00e9 to so so\u013eou alebo sadrovca, a niekedy popol z p\u00e1len\u00e9ho v\u00edna. Drven\u00e9 mandle (sladk\u00e9 alebo hork\u00e9), hrozienka, med a in\u00e9 sladkosti-spice dal v\u00edno zvl\u00e1\u0161tnu chu\u0165. To bol tie\u017e pou\u017eit\u00fd na pr\u00edpravu n\u00e1levov z aromatick\u00fdch a lie\u010div\u00fdch rastl\u00edn. Napr\u00edklad, starovek\u00fd gr\u00e9cky lek\u00e1r Hippokrates (V \u2013 IV storo\u010dia pred kr.) odpor\u00fa\u010da sa, aby vin\u00e1ri prida\u0165 do v\u00edna tinkt\u00fara z palina, z\u00edska\u0165 lie\u010div\u00fd n\u00e1poj. N\u00e1sledne, toto v\u00edno sa stal zn\u00e1my ako verm\u00fat.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV\u00edno kvasenie do\u0161lo v otvorenom priestore za Slne\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u010dasia alebo v pivnici v obrovsk\u00fdch hlinen\u00fdch n\u00e1dob s n\u00e1zvom pithoi. Predt\u00fdm, ne\u017e si nalia\u0165 do nich v\u00edna z novej \u00farody s\u00fa starostlivo umy\u0165, su\u0161en\u00e9 a potom fumigated s s\u00edry. Sudy v tom \u010dase e\u0161te neboli vyn\u00e1jden\u00e9, a v\u00edno je vo veku od p\u00e4\u0165 do desa\u0165 rokov v amfora, ktor\u00e9 ud\u00e1va rok a miesto jej prijatia, a tie\u017e zoznam v\u0161etk\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek, ktor\u00e9 boli pridan\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nZ\u00e1kon R\u00edma chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 ich monopol obchode s v\u00ednom. A len v tre\u0165om storo\u010d\u00ed Caesar Probus odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 v\u0161etky obmedzenia pre provin\u010dn\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch. Od tejto doby za\u010d\u00edna odpo\u010d\u00edtavanie Eur\u00f3pskeho v\u00edna. Chu\u0165 v\u00edna vyroben\u00e9 z hrozna, \u010doskoro sa nau\u010dil obyvate\u013eov \u0160kandin\u00e1vsky Polostrov, ako aj v \u010falekej Indii.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV talianskej Kampa\u0148 regi\u00f3ne Falernum dostal svoju sl\u00e1vu v\u010faka sl\u00e1vneho bieleho v\u00edna Falernian, ktor\u00e9 je st\u00e1le dielo, a je v s\u00fa\u010dasnej dobe vyr\u00e1ba v jeho vlasti. <\/p>\n<p>V t\u00fdch \u010faleko \u010dasy, v\u00ednne lisy neboli vyn\u00e1jden\u00e9, a mu\u017ei to urobil naboso. Ale je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee v niektor\u00fdch pomerne ve\u013ek\u00e9 vin\u00e1rstvo, t\u00e1to met\u00f3da sa pou\u017e\u00edva teraz, dokonca aj pri v\u00fdrobe tzv. u\u0161\u013eachtil\u00fdch v\u00edn.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV dne\u0161nej dobe, vin\u00e1ri, hlavne vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 such\u00e9 v\u00edno. Tento n\u00e1zov sa s\u0165ahoval do na\u0161ich dn\u00ed od d\u00e1vnych \u010dias. Starovek\u00ed obyvatelia Gr\u00e9cka a R\u00edma pil v\u00edno, zriedenie s vodou. A dokonca ods\u00fadili barbarov, medzi ktor\u00fdmi boli aj Scythians, pre pou\u017eitie nerieden\u00e9 v\u00edno, a sa naz\u00fdva such\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nMnoh\u00ed b\u00e1snici spieval rados\u0165, ktor\u00e1 vytv\u00e1ra dobr\u00e9 v\u00edno. Napr\u00edklad, b\u00e1snik Starovek\u00e9ho Gr\u00e9cka, Anacreon, ktor\u00ed \u017eili v VI \u2013 V storo\u010d\u00ed pred KRISTOM, s jeho kr\u00e1snu po\u00e9ziu, o nieko\u013eko storo\u010d\u00ed nesk\u00f4r prelo\u017een\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0161 b\u00e1snik Alexander Pu\u0161kin. <\/p>\n<p>V\u00edno zrieden\u00e9 s vodou v r\u00f4znych pomeroch, niekedy namiesto vody, prid\u00e1 \u013ead. (pozri \u010dl\u00e1nok o riedenie v\u00edna s vodou).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV dne\u0161nej dobe, v\u00edno je vyroben\u00e9 po\u010das kvasen\u00edm hroznovej \u0161\u0165avy do z\u00e1niku cukru v \u0148om. Toto v\u00edno sa zd\u00e1 kysl\u00e9 pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed z\u00e1chodovej pi\u0165 Sovietskeho semi-sladk\u00e9 a sladk\u00e9 v\u00edna. Av\u0161ak, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina znalcov rad\u0161ej such\u00e9 v\u00edno, preto\u017ee to do ve\u013ekej miery odha\u013euje v\u00f4\u0148u a chu\u0165 potenci\u00e1l pi\u0165.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV d\u00e1vnych dob\u00e1ch, v\u00edno nalial v obrovskom keramick\u00e9 n\u00e1doby (kr\u00e1tery), a jedlo naleje im oinkie (\u0161peci\u00e1lne n\u00e1doby s tromi krk). Pi\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva ploch\u00e1 miska na kme\u0148ov\u00fdch a k\u013eu\u010dky (na vonkaj\u0161ej strane) alebo ov\u00e1lne n\u00e1doby \u2013 Fialu. T\u00e1to n\u00e1doba pojme asi 50 gramov v\u00edna.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nNa chladenie v\u00edna, to bolo umiestni\u0165 do n\u00e1doby vyroben\u00e9 z por\u00e9znej keramiky. Tam nalial studenej vody, v ktorej je vode st\u00e1le n\u00e1doby na v\u00edno. V\u00edno konzumovan\u00e9 a hor\u00face, k\u00farenie v medi autotask (ktor\u00e1 sa stala progenitors aktu\u00e1lnej samovar). V autocase strane bolo potrubie \u2013 to bolo pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 palivo (uhlie); v\u00edno sa zohrieva na tri a\u017e \u0161tyri min\u00faty.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV R\u00edme, star\u0161\u00edch ob\u010danov rad\u0161ej jes\u0165 v \u013eahu. RAB-nomenklat\u00fary pozorne sledova\u0165, tak\u017ee hostia \u010dlenovia va\u0161ej rodiny alebo dr\u017ean\u00fd skladom v s\u00falade s ich poz\u00edciu. Pomerne \u010dasto sa v tak\u00fdchto sviatky zapojen\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch hetaera. Ale vydat\u00fdch \u017eien v Symp\u00f3zium nie je dovolen\u00e9. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci nosil na hlave girlandy z Myrtle (pod\u013ea legendy, Myrtle zmier\u0148uje intoxik\u00e1cie), a na krku girlandy z kvitn\u00facich rastl\u00edn. Telo bol pomazan\u00fd s vo\u0148av\u00e9 masti. Pomerne \u010dasto sa stavi\u0165, ktor\u00ed bud\u00fa viac pi\u0165 v\u00edno, bez \u0161t\u00e1t pod vplyvom alkoholu. Tam boli in\u00e9 improviz\u00e1ci\u00ed. Kontrolovan\u00e9 pl\u00e1n Symp\u00f3zium volia \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci hostina, &#8222;rozhodca bibendi&#8220; (hyles).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV Starovek\u00e9ho Gr\u00e9cka a Starovek\u00e9ho R\u00edma, tam bol n\u00e1dhern\u00fd pr\u00e1va. V\u00edno nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 spotrebovan\u00e9 pred tridsa\u0165 p\u00e4\u0165 rokov. Po v\u0161etk\u00fdch, ve\u013ek\u00fa hodnotu v tom \u010dase bol vroden\u00e9 alebo z\u00edskan\u00e9 zmysel pre proporcie&#8230;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u010cas, ke\u010f starovekej v\u00edla Persia pravidl\u00e1 legend\u00e1rneho Jamshid Shah, \u010dasto s n\u00e1zvom Zlat\u00fd vek. \u017de on prip\u00edsa\u0165 skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee u\u010dil \u013eud\u00ed r\u00f4znych remesiel, zvieracie ko\u017ee boli nahraden\u00e9 tkan\u00e9 odevy, \u0161it\u00e9, a obyvate\u013estvo bolo rozdelen\u00e9 do tried, pojem \u0161t\u00e1tnosti.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nShah denne v ka\u017edom ro\u010dnom obdob\u00ed po\u010das ve\u010dera vypi\u0165 misku mierne vykvasen\u00fd hroznov\u00fd d\u017e\u00fas. Jeden z jeho ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdch otrokov s\u0165a\u017eoval na Shah na bolestiv\u00e9 bolesti hlavy a dlhodob\u00fa nespavos\u0165, \u010do ona nebola schopn\u00e1 vydr\u017ea\u0165, a rad\u0161ej vypi\u0165 jed, len aby sa vyhli tr\u00e1penie. \u0160ach m\u00e1 tajne vyhl\u00e1sila v miske namiesto jed som nalial v\u00edno. Po pit\u00ed je, kr\u00e1sa je pripraven\u00fd zomrie\u0165, ale namiesto toho, \u017ee kone\u010dne opustil bolesti hlavy. Potom slave on vypil dva poh\u00e1re a zaspal. Po p\u00e1r d\u0148och, sa prebudila \u00faplne zdrav\u00e9, pote\u0161en\u00fd, \u017ee Shah. Po tejto udalosti, v Shah vydal dekr\u00e9t, ktor\u00fd povolen\u00e9 vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 a pi\u0165 v\u00edno, ktor\u00e9 je prospe\u0161n\u00e9 pre zdravie.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTo trvalo nieko\u013eko storo\u010d\u00ed a rod\u00e1k z legend\u00e1rneho Jamshid Omar Khayyam nie zo strachu pred trestom, ktor\u00fd kl\u00e9ru chv\u00e1lil v\u00edno v jeho Rubaiyat.\n<\/p>\n<h2>A p\u00e1r slov o champagne<\/h2>\n<p>\nSamotn\u00e9 slovo &#8222;\u0160ampansk\u00e9&#8220; n\u00e1m d\u00e1va pocit ur\u010dit\u00e9 em\u00f3cie. \u0160ampansk\u00e9 v sklenen\u00fdch pr\u00edjemn\u00e9 na poh\u013ead \u0161umiv\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade rast\u00facich bubl\u00edn, \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 hry.<br \/>\nPrv\u00fd kupuj\u00faci champagne \u2013 franc\u00fazsky kr\u00e1\u013e \u013dudov\u00edt XIV bol schopn\u00fd oceni\u0165 dobr\u00e9 v\u00edno a dobr\u00e9 jedlo. Na Versailles pre kr\u00e1\u013ea bol postaven\u00fd mimoriadne Pal\u00e1c s Gal\u00e9rii, Zrkadl\u00e1, a v Par\u00ed\u017ei bolo osvetlen\u00e9 ulice, svetl\u00e1. Champagne je jeho hravos\u0165 pridal viac svetla za vl\u00e1dy \u013dudov\u00edta XIV.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV\u0161ak Kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fd dvor lek\u00e1rom podarilo dosiahnu\u0165, \u017ee kr\u00e1\u013e na konci svojho \u017eivota nariadil, nie aby mu \u0161ampansk\u00e9 a po nejakom \u010dase zomreli. <\/p>\n<p>\u013dudia sa rozhodli, \u017ee \u0161ampansk\u00e9 m\u00e1 lie\u010div\u00e9 vlastnosti a za\u010dal konzumova\u0165 ho e\u0161te viac.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV roku 1806 franc\u00fazsky Clicquot, pohrebiska jej man\u017eel, sa sna\u017eil realizova\u0165 svoj \u0161ampansk\u00e9 na rusk\u00fd trh. Ale \u010doskoro vojna za\u010dala. V roku 1814, Napoleon abdicated, a na sp\u00f4sob, ako \u0161ampansk\u00e9 rusk\u00ed vojaci na\u0161li pivnica vdova, ktor\u00fd bol pln\u00fd v\u00edna. Vojaci na oslavu v\u00ed\u0165azstva prakticky pr\u00e1zdne pivnice. Jeden z vin\u00e1rov vykr\u00edkla pani: &#8222;Madame! Ich zho\u010fte hrady a pitie v\u00edna!&#8220;. Ale Madame zrazu povedal: &#8222;Nechaj pi\u0165, potom plati\u0165!&#8220;. O p\u00e1r mesiacov nesk\u00f4r champagne &#8222;Veuve Clicquot&#8220; bolo predan\u00fdch v petrohrade pre 12 rub\u013eov. za f\u013ea\u0161u. Obdivovate\u013e \u0161ampansk\u00e9 Clicquot bol Alexander Sergejevi\u010d Pu\u0161kin. &#8222;Clicquot&#8220; a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa pova\u017euje za prest\u00ed\u017enu zna\u010dku v\u00edna. <\/p>\n<p>Ve\u013ea \u0161\u0165astia s ochutn\u00e1vkami!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00edno sa objavil na \u00fasvite \u013eudstva. Ako je zn\u00e1me, v\u00edno m\u00f4\u017ee in\u0161pirova\u0165 kreat\u00edvny \u010dlovek vytvori\u0165 majstrovsk\u00e9 diela, ale m\u00f4\u017ee aj zni\u010di\u0165 ho. V&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-suvisiace-informacie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8189","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8189"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8189\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8189"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}