{"id":7715,"date":"2020-01-14T14:15:46","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T11:15:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/vinul-si-vinificatia-in-istorie\/"},"modified":"2020-01-14T14:15:46","modified_gmt":"2020-01-14T11:15:46","slug":"vinul-si-vinificatia-in-istorie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/vinul-si-vinificatia-in-istorie\/","title":{"rendered":"Vinul \u0219i vinifica\u021bia \u00een istorie"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\t\tVinul a ap\u0103rut<\/strong> la \u00eenceputurile omenirii. Dup\u0103 cum se \u0219tie, vinul poate inspira o persoan\u0103 creativ\u0103 la crearea de capodopere, dar poate \u0219i s\u0103-l omoare.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen antichitate, mai mult de 6 000 de ani \u00een urm\u0103 de la sumerieni \u0219i \u00centre zei\u021ba Hestia a luat sub patronajul s\u0103u de-vie \u0219i producerea vinului. Este posibil, prin urmare, apare senza\u021bia de „feminitate delicat\u0103” \u00een fine vinuri, cum ar fi burgundia pinot noir.
\n Dar spiritul masculin a adus dumnezeu Egiptului Antic Osiris, care a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat pe oameni cum s\u0103 aib\u0103 grij\u0103 \u00een mod corespunz\u0103tor pentru fauna s\u0103lbatic\u0103 de vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie, pentru ca mai apoi ob\u021bine un vin de calitate.\n<\/p>\n

\nLa greci prin dumnezeu a fost Dionysos. La Roma a fost numit \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c, care, conform mitologiei, a fost vesel \u0431\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0219i \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, de\u0219i \u0219i unul dintre fiii puternicul Zeus. Bahus ajutat oamenii pentru un timp uita de plictiseala \u0219i de a se bucura de via\u021b\u0103. L-a \u00eenso\u021bit peste tot aceea\u0219i ca \u0219i el \u00eensu\u0219i, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f compania: satira, cu picioare de capr\u0103, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 fete (\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438) \u0219i \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de Puternic, care z\u0103cea pe \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0435… S\u0103rb\u0103torile au fost irezistibil vesele, aici a fost o abundenta de alimente \u0219i de vin, \u0219i, desigur, dragostea \u00een toate formele ei. Aceste s\u0103rb\u0103tori a reprezentat nu numai antice expertul, care a fost de subiecte pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 de pe vasele antice, dar \u0219i celebri arti\u0219ti de Michelangelo, Caravaggio, Rubens etc.\n<\/p>\n

\nPrioritate \u00een procesul de vin, cu siguran\u021b\u0103, este de\u021binut\u0103 de grecii antici. Vinul lor \u2013 \u00een principal ro\u0219u \u2013 a fost \u00eentotdeauna dulce, puternic \u0219i aromat. Slava fabricate \u00een Rhodos \u0219i Chios de vinuri a ajuns \u00een cronicile \u0219i alte documente din antichitate p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre. Homer a scris despre aceste vinuri, care sunt extrem de \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043e-dulce, dulce-parfumat \u0219i \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. Poate fi diluat cu ap\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bie de unu la dou\u0103zeci \u0219i totu\u0219i ei nu \u0219i-a pierdut un \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e de parfum.\n<\/p>\n

\n Viticultorii \u0219i vinificatorii \u00een mod constant f\u0103cut noi \u0219i noi experimente. De exemplu, vinul nu \u0441\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u043e, a ad\u0103ugat el sare sau gips, \u0219i, uneori, cenu\u0219\u0103 de la \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie. Migdale zdrobite (dulce sau amar), stafide, miere \u0219i alte dulciuri-condimente-a dat vina un parfum special. Pentru a face acest lucru, de asemenea, utilizate infuzii aromatice \u0219i plante medicinale. De exemplu, medic antic grec Hipocrate (V \u2013 IV-lea \u00eenaintea erei noastre) recomanda vinificatorilor se adaug\u0103 \u00een vin, tinctura de pelin, pentru a ob\u021bine officinalis b\u0103utur\u0103. Ulterior, acest vin s-a numit \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c.\n<\/p>\n

\nFermentarea vinului s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00een aer liber c\u00e2nd vremea este \u00eensorit\u0103 sau \u00een subsoluri de mari vase din lut, care se numeau \u043f\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0441\u044b. \u00cenainte de a se toarn\u0103 \u00een vin cu ele o nou\u0103 cultur\u0103-le cu aten\u021bie sp\u0103lat, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438, apoi \u043e\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 gri. Butoaie \u00een timp nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 inventat, \u0219i vin \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c de la cinci la zece ani \u00een \u0430\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0435, pe care a fost indicat locul \u0219i anul primirii lui, precum \u0219i lista tuturor ingredientelor care au fost ad\u0103uga\u021bi.\n<\/p>\n

\nLegisla\u021bia Romei \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u043e monopolul lor comer\u021bului cu vin. \u0218i numai \u00een secolul al treilea al erei noastre cezar \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441 a eliminat toate restric\u021biile pentru ora\u0219ele de provincie. Din acest moment \u00eencepe num\u0103r\u0103toarea invers\u0103 european de vinifica\u021bie. Gust de vin, fabricat din struguri, la scurt timp au aflat locuitorii peninsulei Scandinave, precum \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rtat India.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen italian\u0103 Campania zona \u0424\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0441 a ob\u021binut faima datorit\u0103 celebrul alb \u0444\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 vina, care p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent este o capodoper\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een prezent, se efectueaz\u0103 \u00een patria lor. <\/p>\n

\u00cen acele de la noi vremuri, prese de vin nu este \u00eenc\u0103 inventat, \u0219i b\u0103rba\u021bii au f\u0103cut acest lucru descul\u021b. Dar, ceea ce este interesant, \u00een unele destul de mari viticole, ferme, o astfel de metod\u0103 se aplic\u0103 \u0219i acum, chiar \u0219i \u00een fabricarea de a\u0219a-numitele vinuri nobile.\n<\/p>\n

\nIn ziua de azi vinificatorii, \u00een principal, produc un vin sec. Acest nume a migrat \u00een zilele noastre, din antichitate. \u00cen antichitate, locuitorii din Grecia \u0219i Roma au consumat vin, diluarea cu ap\u0103. \u0218i chiar a fost condamnat\u0103 de barbari, printre care s-au referit \u0219i sci\u021bii, pentru consum de \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 de vinuri, care a \u0219i fost numit de uscat.\n<\/p>\n

\nMul\u021bi poe\u021bi au c\u00e2ntat bucuria pe care o d\u0103 un vin bun. De exemplu, un poet din Grecia Antic\u0103 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043d, care a tr\u0103it \u00een secolele VI \u2013 V bc, sa superbe poezii, c\u00e2teva secole mai t\u00e2rziu a tradus nostru poet Alexandr Sergheevici Pu\u0219kin. <\/p>\n

Vinul diluat cu ap\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bii diferite, uneori, \u00een loc de ap\u0103 ad\u0103ugat ghea\u021b\u0103. (a se vedea articolul despre suspendare diluat de vin cu ap\u0103).\n<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen timpul nostru, vin sec primesc \u00een procesul de fermentarea sucului de struguri de p\u00e2n\u0103 la dispari\u021bie \u00een zah\u0103r. Acest vin se pare acru cu care \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043a bea demidulci \u0219i dulci sovietice de vin. Cu toate acestea, cele mai multe cunoscatori prefera un vin sec, deoarece este, \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103, dezv\u0103luie un buchet \u0219i o arom\u0103 poten\u021bialul de b\u0103utur\u0103.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen antichitate, vinul este turnat \u00eentr-un imens vasele de ceramic\u0103 (cratere), iar pe \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 lor din \u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0438 (special ulcior cu trei capul). Pentru b\u0103ut folosit plat bol pe picior \u0219i cu m\u00e2nere (\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a) sau ovale vasele \u2013 \u0444\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b. Un astfel de vas con\u021bine \u00een sine aproximativ 50 de grame de vin.\n<\/p>\n

\nPentru a r\u0103ci vinul de-l puneau \u00eentr-un vas, confec\u021bionat din poroase ceramice. Acolo a fost turnat\u0103 ap\u0103 rece, \u00een care pe linia de plutire a tinut un vas cu vin. Vinul consumat \u0219i cald, \u00eenc\u0103lzirea lui \u00een cupru \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0441\u0430\u0445 (care au devenit stramosii actualilor \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432). \u00cen \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0441\u0435 lateral a fost trompeta, \u2013 \u00een ea \u0437\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c combustibil (c\u0103rbune); brevete de \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c pentru trei-patru minute.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen Roma nobil or\u0103\u0219enii preferat \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c culcat. Rab-\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 urm\u0103rea \u00eendeaproape, pentru vizitatori sau membrii de familie au ocupat un pat, \u00een func\u021bie de situa\u021bia lor. Destul de des \u00een astfel de \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430\u0445 au participat tinere thais. Dar femeile c\u0103s\u0103torite \u00een \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0443\u043c nu au fost admise. Participan\u021bii purtau pe cap coroane de mirt (conform legendei, mirt amelioreaz\u0103 be\u021bie), iar la gat o ghirlanda din flori \u0219i plante. Corpul a fost \u0443\u043c\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e balsam parfumat. Destul de des se \u00eencheiau pariu, cine va bea mai mult vin, nu \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432. Au fost \u0219i alte improviza\u021bii. A coordonat programul de \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0430 ales de participan\u021bii la osp\u0103\u021b „arbitrul \u0431\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0438” (\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a).\n<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen Grecia Antic\u0103 \u0219i Roma Antic\u0103 a existat o frumoas\u0103 legea. Vin nu s-a consumat p\u00e2n\u0103 la treizeci \u0219i cinci de ani. La urma urmei, cea mai mare valoare \u00een timp a fost \u00eenn\u0103scut\u0103 sau dob\u00e2ndit\u0103 sim\u021bul m\u0103surii…\n<\/p>\n

\nTimp, atunci c\u00e2nd, \u00een antichitate, de basm Persia regulilor de legendarul shah \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0448\u0438\u0434, de multe ori numita epoc\u0103 de aur. Anume i-a atribuit faptul c\u0103 el a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat pe oameni de diferite meserii, animale, piei de schimbat \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 robe, \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0435, iar popula\u021bia era \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een clase, a ap\u0103rut conceptul de statalitate.\n<\/p>\n

\nShah de zi cu zi \u00een orice moment al anului, \u00een timpul pr\u00e2nzului, a b\u0103ut paharul u\u0219or \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e de suc de struguri. \u00centr-o zi, una din roabele sale preferate s-a pl\u00e2ns \u0448\u0430\u0445\u0443 de chinuitoare dureri de cap \u0219i de lung\u0103 durat\u0103, insomnie, care este deja \u00een imposibilitatea de a tolera \u0219i a preferat s\u0103 bea otrav\u0103, doar pentru a sc\u0103pa de chin. Shah secret a poruncit ca \u00eentr-un castron \u00een loc de otrav\u0103 s-a turnat vin. De b\u0103ut lui frumoasa \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c la moarte, cu toate acestea, \u00een loc de a face acest lucru, \u00een cele din urm\u0103 a p\u0103r\u0103sit dureri de cap. Apoi, sclav b\u0103ut dou\u0103 pahare \u0219i a adormit. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0432 c\u00e2teva zile, s-a trezit ea este complet s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0219ahului. Dup\u0103 acest caz, shah a emis decretul care permite de a produce \u0219i de a consuma vin, care promoveaz\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tatea.\n<\/p>\n

\nA trecut de mai multe secole \u0219i compatriotul legendarul \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0448\u0438\u0434\u0430 Omar Khayyam nu \u0443\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c judec\u0103\u021bile de preo\u021bi sl\u0103vit vin \u00een \u0440\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0438.\n<\/p>\n

\u0218i c\u00e2teva cuvinte despre champagne<\/h2>\n

\nUn singur cuv\u00e2nt „\u0218ampanie” ne face s\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 de entuziasm. \u0218ampanie \u00een pahar ochiului spumante lumina \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044f bule, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 lor de joc.
\nPrimul cump\u0103r\u0103tor de \u0219ampanie \u2013 regele francez Ludovic al XIV-lea \u0219tia s\u0103 aprecieze vinurile bune \u0219i m\u00e2nc\u0103ruri rafinate. La Versailles pentru regele a fost construit neobi\u0219nuit de palat, cu o Galerie de Oglinzi, iar la Paris au fost aprinse felinarele. \u0218ampanie s\u0103u \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e mai ad\u0103ugat str\u0103lucire \u00een timpul domniei lui Ludovic al XIV-lea.\n<\/p>\n

\nCu toate acestea regal de viata, medicul a reu\u0219it s\u0103 realizeze ceea ce regele la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul vie\u021bii sale, a ordonat s\u0103 nu serviti-i \u0219ampanie \u0219i dup\u0103 un timp a murit. <\/p>\n

Poporul a decis c\u0103 \u0219ampania are calit\u0103\u021bi curative \u0219i a devenit consuma mai mult.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen anul 1806 fran\u021buzoaic\u0103 Cliquot, \u00eengropare de so\u021bia sa, a \u00eencercat s\u0103-\u0219i exercite \u0219ampanie pe pia\u021ba rus\u0103. Dar la scurt timp a \u00eenceput r\u0103zboiul. \u00cen 1814 Bonaparte a abdicat, iar pe drumul spre Champagne solda\u021bi ru\u0219i au descoperit o pivni\u021b\u0103, o v\u0103duv\u0103, care erau pline cu vin. Solda\u021bii pentru a s\u0103rb\u0103tori victoria, practic devastat subsoluri. Unul dintre vinificatori strigat la gazd\u0103: „Madame! Le gasesc castele \u0219i beau vin!”. Dar madame mod nea\u0219teptat, mi-a r\u0103spuns: „S\u0103 beau, apoi a pl\u0103tit!”. Apoi, dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva luni de \u0219ampanie „Cliquot” deja s-au v\u00eendut \u00een sankt Petersburg, de 12 ron pentru o sticla. Adept al \u0219ampanie Clicquot a fost \u0219i Alexandr Pu\u0219kin. „Cliquot” \u0219i acum este considerat prestigios brand de vinuri. <\/p>\n

Pl\u0103cute degust\u0103ri!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vinul a ap\u0103rut la \u00eenceputurile omenirii. Dup\u0103 cum se \u0219tie, vinul poate inspira o persoan\u0103 creativ\u0103 la crearea de capodopere, dar poate \u0219i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informatii-conexe"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7715","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7715"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7715\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7715"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7715"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7715"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}