{"id":7712,"date":"2020-01-14T14:14:16","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T11:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/mitologia-vinului\/"},"modified":"2020-01-14T14:14:16","modified_gmt":"2020-01-14T11:14:16","slug":"mitologia-vinului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/mitologia-vinului\/","title":{"rendered":"Mitologia vinului"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 zei-fraieri, zeii-m\u0103sur\u0103, sunt pe margine. Timpul lor a expirat, nume uitate, iar cultele s-au stins. \u0218i exist\u0103 un „succes” de zei. Ei vin la noi pentru mult timp, rapid cucere\u0219te inimile noastre \u0219i poruncesc cu st\u0103p\u00e2nire asupra noastr\u0103 de milenii.\n <\/p>\n

\nTat\u0103l vinului Dionysos (Bachus, Bachus) \u2014 de succes \u0219i norocos dumnezeu! Presupun c\u0103 el are de est (\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0219i \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0444\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435) r\u0103d\u0103cini. \u00cen Grecia, de distribu\u021bie \u0219i aprobarea acestuia de cult se refer\u0103 la secolele VIII-VII secolele e., de\u0219i numele lui dumnezeu apare de pe pancartele cretane liniar scrisori mult mai devreme \u2014 \u00een secolul al XIV-lea p\u00e2n\u0103 la e.\n<\/p>\n

\nPentru istoric termen scurt str\u0103inul face de invidiat „cariera” \u2014 la \u00eenceput se deplaseaz\u0103 \u00een lupta de concuren\u021b\u0103 numeroase spirite, demoni \u0219i dumnezei de care populeaza teritoriul antic din lume, \u0219i apoi se \u00eenal\u021b\u0103 pe v\u00eerful Olimpului, intr\u00e2nd \u00een componen\u021ba str\u0103lucitoare de \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 „elita”. Mai t\u00e2rziu, puterea lui s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u0219i la „barbare” triburile. <\/p>\n

\nMar\u0219ul lui Dionysos \u00een \u021binuturile Eladei \u00eencepe cu cre\u0219terea ora\u0219elor \u0219i dezvoltarea \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 democra\u021biei. \u00cen Delphi-l cinstesc pe nu mai pu\u021bin de Apollo. \u00cen Atena, \u00eentregul ora\u0219 se scurg pe solemne procesiuni, unde a jucat sacru c\u0103s\u0103toria \u00eentre dumnezeu vi\u021b\u0103 de vie \u0219i so\u021bia \u0430\u0440\u0445\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0430. Pe \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435 o dat\u0103 la doi ani furios, orgii, pentru care se prescriu \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438 din Attica, iar cea mai Attica \u00een cinstea lui Bacchus concura tragice \u0219i comice poe\u021bi, coruri \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 laude, actorii efectuate de c\u0103tre noi comedie. Apropo, datorit\u0103 Dionysos, a ap\u0103rut \u0219i un gen de tragedie (cuv\u00e2ntul grecesc tragodia literalmente \u00eenseamn\u0103 „c\u00e2ntec despre \u043a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0435” sau „c\u00e2ntecul \u021bapilor”, adic\u0103 \u043a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u2014 sateli\u021bi a lui dumnezeu).\n<\/p>\n

\nDionysos-Bachus \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b nu numai cu Apollo. El a p\u0103truns \u0219i \u00een „zona de influen\u021b\u0103” sa hoge Afrodita, a luat sub patronajul o important\u0103 sfer\u0103 a vie\u021bii umane, ca un bra\u021b de carne de dragoste. Simbolul \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e chiria\u0219i \u2014 sacru falus, \u00eensemn\u00e2nd continuarea vie\u021bii \u0219i fertilit\u0103\u021bii.\n<\/p>\n

\nDe vi\u021b\u0103 de vie, descoperit\u0103 \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c, rapid a intrat \u00een cre\u0219tere \u0219i, cu timpul, a \u00eencheiat cu bra\u021bele deschise de toat\u0103 lumea. Ea \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0430 masa de osp\u0103\u021b, \u0219i via\u021ba \u00eentr-o s\u0103rb\u0103toare. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 vin g\u0103sea elocven\u021ba poe\u021bi \u0219i \u00een\u021belepciunea zeilor, „a murit” pentru via\u021ba p\u0103m\u00e2nteasc\u0103 \u0219i \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c la via\u021b\u0103 „ve\u0219nic\u0103”. Dumnezeu vi\u021b\u0103 de vie a devenit credincios iubitul pentru fiecare dintre adep\u021bi.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u00centre timp, originea \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u00eentuneric \u0219i \u00eendoielnic. Mama lui a fost ceva dac\u0103 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 (zeita \u00eemp\u0103r\u0103\u021biei mor\u021bilor), dac\u0103 Demeter (zeitate a fertilit\u0103\u021bii), fie „normal” femeia \u2013 Semel, fiica \u0444\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00eemp\u0103ratului Kad-ma (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f, de altfel, pe linie matern\u0103, de la Afrodita). Cea mai recent\u0103 versiune a primit cea mai mare r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire, de\u0219i ea \u0219i te face s\u0103 se \u00eendoiasc\u0103 de dreptul de a lui Dionysos de la olimpic chin. Semel \u00eenc\u0103 nu a fost zeita, iar \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te tat\u0103lui…\n<\/p>\n

\nFiica sa r\u0103mase a afirmat c\u0103 a z\u0103mislit un copil de la Zeus, \u0219efului antic latin, dar sora ei nu credeau. Oricare ar fi fost, frumuse\u021be avut literalmente „arde de dragoste”. \u00centr-o zi ea \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 Zeus se prezinte la el \u00een \u00eentreaga sa m\u0103re\u021bie. Vizita a avut loc, dar a fost extrem de scurt.\n<\/p>\n

\nThunder \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b iubita lui de foc, iar copilul n\u0103scut prematuri, smuls din fl\u0103c\u0103ri \u0219i \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043b \u00een \u0219old. (Nu este de la tat\u0103l, dac\u0103 a mo\u0219tenit Dionysos arzatoare natura \u0219i unele \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c de caracter?..)
\nN\u0103scut pe fiul, Zeus a cerut \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0443 da-l la educa\u021bie \u043d\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0444\u0430\u043c. Este curios faptul c\u0103 \u0219i \u00een zilele noastre, tutorele nu a desp\u0103r\u021bit cu sec\u021biile sale \u2013 Hermes \u0219i Dionysos „se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc” \u00een fiecare sticl\u0103 de vin bun! La urma urmei, „ermetic\u0103” ambalare poart\u0103 numele de Hermes pentru c\u0103 el a fost un maestru \u0443\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c vasele de s\u00e2nge, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t \u00een cazul depozit\u0103rii vinului nu \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c.\n<\/p>\n

\nAvem vita de vie, Bahus de mers pe jos pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt, \u00eenconjurat de foarte cifra de colorat statului major, despre care cu un motiv bun, se poate spune c\u0103 ea „nu a fost de uscare”. De satir\u0103 \u0219i \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0435 iedera, \u00eenarma\u021bi cu \u0442\u0438\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 (tije), cuprinse \u00een sacru extaz \u0219i ea a fost organizat\u0103 de serpi \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 totul \u00een calea sa, smuls cu r\u0103d\u0103cini de copaci, \u0443\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c s\u00e2nge \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 fiarele s\u0103lbatice \u0219i cu strig\u0103te, „Bacchus, \u042d\u0432\u043e\u0435!” sl\u0103veau pe Dionysos. Vin \u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c r\u00e2u, chiar \u00een propriile fluxuri de mii de b\u0103rba\u021bi \u0219i femei.\n<\/p>\n

\nCe poate explica \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e atractivitatea „vin dumnezeu”? De ce acest dumnezeu semipur, dumnezeu-ciocoi (cum ar fi spus lui m\u0103tu\u0219a) a c\u00e2\u0219tigat la sine dreptul de a sta \u00een acela\u0219i r\u00e2nd cu locuitorii din olimp? C\u0103 i-a oferit omenirii Bachus \u0219i de ce oamenii sunt at\u00e2t de apreciat de o b\u0103utur\u0103, care, din punct de vedere chimist, este nu mai mult de fermentat de struguri suc?\n<\/p>\n

\nProbabil, motivul este c\u0103 de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie a acordat libertate, libertate infinit\u0103. Unul dintre epitete Dionysos \u2013 „Eliberatorul” („\u041b\u0438\u042d\u0439”), El desface, leg\u0103turile via\u021ba de zi cu zi, amelioreaz\u0103 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 restric\u021bii, elibereaz\u0103 dorin\u021ba.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u00cen \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441\u0435 \u00eentruchipat ideea de bucurie, dar \u00een acela\u0219i timp \u2014 ideea \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00eenc\u00e2ntare, duce la nebunie \u0219i moarte. Amenin\u021b\u0103ri, \u0442\u0430\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u00een \u0434\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, erau de p\u0103rere deja \u00een momentul de prima tinere\u021be. La Roma, vinul nu avea voie s\u0103 bea pentru persoanele cu v\u00e2rsta sub 35 de ani. Iar \u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u044b \u0219i nu au introdus la „uscat” legea, refuz\u00e2nd nu numai de a bea vin, dar chiar de a introduce pe teritoriul lor.\n<\/p>\n

\nDionysos iubit \u0219i temut. Oameni \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0219i sperietoarea r\u00e2nduial\u0103 a transforma inofensiv suc de struguri \u00een impetuos b\u0103utur\u0103. Au spus c\u0103 Bachus detine \u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c vr\u0103jitorie \u0219i este capabil de a transforma \u00een \u0445\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e otrava r\u00e2u de ap\u0103. \u00centr-o serie de mituri s-au p\u0103strat urmele unei tabu, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e vin sub amenin\u021barea cu moartea. Presupun c\u0103 ini\u021bial a fost folosit „\u00een mod legal” doar reprezentan\u021bii \u0436\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 nobilimii. Vinul a jucat un rol de conductor \u00eentre p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i alt\u0103 lume lumi, reduc\u00e2nd perioada de a intra \u00eentr-o trans\u0103, prin care un slujitor al cultului putut comunica cu for\u021be supranaturale \u0219i lumea umbrelor.<\/p>\n

Pe m\u0103sura r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii viticulturii vechi tabu \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e, \u0219i posibilitatea de a intra \u00een contact sexual cu spiritele, (sau, cel pu\u021bin, pentru a primi placere de la subtil gust de b\u0103utur\u0103) a devenit public\u0103.\n<\/p>\n

Pl\u0103cute degust\u0103ri!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Exist\u0103 zei-fraieri, zeii-m\u0103sur\u0103, sunt pe margine. Timpul lor a expirat, nume uitate, iar cultele s-au stins. \u0218i exist\u0103 un „succes” de zei. Ei…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informatii-conexe"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7712"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7712\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}