{"id":6327,"date":"2020-01-13T00:22:53","date_gmt":"2020-01-12T21:22:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/naftas-vins-ka-tas-ir\/"},"modified":"2020-01-13T00:22:53","modified_gmt":"2020-01-12T21:22:53","slug":"naftas-vins-ka-tas-ir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/naftas-vins-ka-tas-ir\/","title":{"rendered":"Naftas v\u012bns \u2013 k\u0101 tas ir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Jamie Na\u0161\u0137is (Jamie Goode), tautas daudziem v\u012bnzi\u0146u termins “\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c” aprakst\u0101 v\u012bna p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 arvien bie\u017e\u0101k tiek kritiz\u0113ta k\u0101 ap\u0161aub\u0101ms un \u0434\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439.
\nVai var run\u0101t par to, ka \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, kas pie\u0146emts raksturot k\u0101 “\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c” v\u012bna, kas ir saist\u012bti ar miner\u0101liem? Un vai tie run\u0101 kaut ko par sp\u0113ju v\u012bns ar ilgu ekspon\u0113\u0161anas laiku?\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\nUz \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 piez\u012bm\u0113s termins \u2013 relat\u012bvs jaunpien\u0101c\u0113js. \u0160\u0101da \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba s\u0101ka par\u0101d\u012bties tikai 1980\u0445, agr\u0101k to neviens nav izmantojis. Kop\u0161 t\u0101 laika v\u0101rds cie\u0161i ien\u0101ca leksikons degust\u0113t\u0101ju, bet p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 ir v\u0113rojams iev\u0113rojams kritums entuziasma t\u0101 piem\u0113ro\u0161an\u0101.\n<\/p>\n

Kritika “\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438” balst\u0101s uz diviem punktiem:<\/h3>\n

\nPirmais<\/u>: pie \u0161\u012b termina nav skaidras defin\u012bcijas. Da\u017e\u0101di cilv\u0113ki saprot to sav\u0101d\u0101k, un to izmanto, lai aprakst\u012btu da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas v\u012bna. Uzskat\u0101mi to par\u0101d\u012bja eksperiments, ko Vi\u0146\u0161 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c (Jordi Ballester), kas \u0414\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0435, kura laik\u0101 tika izv\u0113rt\u0113ta \u0161\u012b termina lieto\u0161ana profesion\u0101\u013ciem.\n<\/p>\n

\nOtrais<\/u>: pati ideja, ka miner\u0101li var \u0146emt no augsnes, v\u012bnogul\u0101ju un ietekm\u0113t tad gar\u0161o v\u012bnogu v\u012bni), ir pak\u013cauti zin\u0101tnisku kritiku. T.i., p\u0113c biologu dom\u0101m, ir princip\u0101 neiesp\u0113jami.\n<\/p>\n

\n Bet…\n <\/p>\n

\nMan \u013coti pat\u012bk \u0161is termins. Un es gribu dar\u012bt \u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 pie\u0146\u0113mums: varb\u016bt, tom\u0113r, ir iesp\u0113jama saist\u012bba starp “\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e” v\u012bna un vi\u0146a \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e? Un pavisam dro\u0161i: var vai otrais b\u016bt izriet no pirm\u0101? Pirms es \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0441\u044c sav\u0101 \u0137ecer\u012bbu, paskat\u012bsimies uz jaut\u0101juma b\u016bt\u012bbu.\n<\/p>\n

Pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 zin\u0101tnisk\u0101 vienpr\u0101t\u012bba ir par to, ka sast\u0101vs augsnes ietekm\u0113 v\u012bna kvalit\u0101ti, tikai ar to, k\u0101d\u0101 re\u017e\u012bm\u0101 koks sa\u0146em \u016bdeni. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o ideju, par ide\u0101lu v\u012bna d\u0101rz\u0101 pie v\u012bnogul\u0101jiem, pietiekami daudz \u016bdens, bet nav daudz, \u2013 un v\u012bnogul\u0101ju vajadz\u012bgos br\u012b\u017eos izj\u016bt mikro-stresi, kas saist\u012bti ar tr\u016bkums dzert. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o teoriju, augsnes \u0137\u012bmiskais sast\u0101vs nav noz\u012bmes.\n<\/p>\n

\nBet, saska\u0146\u0101 ar daudziem audz\u0113t\u0101jiem, svar\u012bga ir ne tikai re\u017e\u012bms pieejam\u012bbu augsnes mitruma, bet ar\u012b \u0137\u012bmija t\u0101s sl\u0101\u0146us. Augsnes tips ir noz\u012bme, iziet \u0101rpus t\u0101s dren\u0101\u017eas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. No viedok\u013ca, bot\u0101ni\u0137i, nav izsl\u0113gts, ka miner\u0101lvielu saturu augsn\u0113 var rad\u012bt tie\u0161u un netie\u0161u ietekmi uz pu\u0161\u0137is v\u012bna.\n<\/p>\n

\nTie\u0161\u0101 \u2013 r\u0113\u0137ina miner\u0101lvielu, kas sav\u0101c no sakn\u0113m no augsnes un uzst\u00e4 ogas un, attiec\u012bgi, v\u012bns. Diez vai \u0161is efekts ir man\u0101ms, j\u016btami \u2013 jo liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca miner\u0101lvielu jonu ir bez smar\u017eas un gandr\u012bz nav gar\u0161as \u2013 tom\u0113r var b\u016bt svar\u012bgi.\n<\/p>\n

\nPaties\u012bb\u0101, ir pier\u0101d\u012bjumi, ka tips (sast\u0101vs) augsnes var ietekm\u0113t \u0137\u012bmiskais sast\u0101vs v\u012bna.
\n2000. gad\u0101 v\u0101cu bot\u0101ni\u0137is Andreas Peuke uzaudzin\u0101ja riesling v\u012bnogul\u0101jiem podi ar trim da\u017e\u0101diem augsnes ar \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 v\u012bna: less, \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 ka\u013c\u0137akmens un \u043a\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0435\u0440. P\u0113c v\u0101kt sulu no k\u0101tiem v\u012bnogul\u0101jiem, vi\u0146\u0161 pavad\u012bja to \u0137\u012bmisko anal\u012bzi un konstat\u0113ja, ka at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas ir sast\u0101v\u0101.\n<\/p>\n

\nProtams, tas nav pats izcilu p\u0113t\u012bjumu par \u0161o t\u0113mu. Bet tas demonstr\u0113 principi\u0101lu iesp\u0113jam\u012bbu, par ko m\u0113s run\u0101jam.\n<\/p>\n

\nNetie\u0161ais efekts ir ietekme miner\u0101lvielas (ar savu kl\u0101tb\u016btni vai tr\u016bkumu) uz g\u0113nu ekspresiju augi, kas noved pie \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 izgl\u012bt\u012bbas arom\u0101tisko savienojumu un to prekursoru (avota vielu) og\u0101s v\u012bnog\u0101m.\n<\/p>\n

\nTurkl\u0101t, \u0137\u012bmiskais sast\u0101vs misas atst\u0101j b\u016btisku ietekmi ar\u012b uz darbu raugu un bakt\u0113riju ferment\u0101cijas proces\u0101, mainot gaitu un proporciju veido\u0161an\u0101, mikroorganismi arom\u0101tisko savienojumu.\n<\/p>\n

No kurienes augsnes miner\u0101lvielas?<\/h3>\n

\nLiel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca miner\u0101lu komponentiem augsnes veidojas organisko materi\u0101lu sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s rezult\u0101t\u0101, nevis izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anu akme\u0146iem \ud83d\ude42 Par augsnes sp\u0113ju sadal\u012bt organiku jonus miner\u0101lvielas, ko var \u0113st augu, kas atbild\u012bga darb\u012bba, kas dz\u012bvo taj\u0101 mikroorganismu.\n<\/p>\n

Iz\u0161\u0137ir tr\u012bs veida “\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438” v\u012bni:<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Pirm\u0101 miner\u0101lu arom\u0101ts<\/h3>\n

\nParasti to uzskata par baltajiem v\u012bniem.<\/p>\n

\nAvots miner\u0101lu \u2013 vai “\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e” \u2013 to\u0146i uzst\u0101jas, p\u0113c visa sprie\u017eot, gaisto\u0161ie s\u0113r\u016bdens savienojumi, kas veidojas raugu laik\u0101 ferment\u0101cijas.\n<\/p>\n

\nKlasisks tonis “rock-cut krama” vai s\u0113rkoci\u0146iem, rakstur\u012bgu balto Burgundijas v\u012bna (piem\u0113ram, Chablis), paties\u012bb\u0101 ir diezgan pievilc\u012bgs. Ra\u017eot\u0101ji chardonnay vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113 v\u0113l\u0113tos atk\u0101rtot to saviem v\u012bniem.\n<\/p>\n

Divas citas formas \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2013 gar\u0161as apraksts<\/h3>\n

\nViena (visbie\u017e\u0101k pretrun\u012bgi) ir saist\u012bta ar augstu sk\u0101bumu baltv\u012bna. Daudzi ar vieglumu dod raksturojumu “miner\u0101le\u013c\u013ca” spilgts sk\u0101bes baltu v\u012bniem, bet tie\u0161i termins “augstu sk\u0101bumu” \u0161eit ir vair\u0101k nek\u0101 pie\u0146emama. L\u012bdz\u012bga situ\u0101cija ir ar v\u012bnu, aprakst\u012bts k\u0101 “akmens”.\n<\/p>\n

\nOtrs \u2013 manupr\u0101t, visvair\u0101k noder\u012bga k\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas \u2013 \u012bpa\u0161a veida \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, l\u012bdz\u012bgu tai, k\u0101du m\u0113s izj\u016btam miner\u0101l\u016bdens, tikai daudz maz\u0101k agres\u012bva. Tas dr\u012bz\u0101k attiecas uz aprakstu “strukt\u016bra” v\u012bnu.\n<\/p>\n

\nT\u0101, l\u016bk, atgrie\u017eoties pie \u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 jaut\u0101jumu par attiec\u012bb\u0101m “\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438” v\u012bna un sp\u0113ju uz ilgu ekspon\u0113\u0161anas laiku.\n<\/p>\n

\nDiez vai es var\u0113\u0161u dot \u0161o prec\u012bzs zin\u0101tnisks pamatojums, bet daudzi v\u012bna, kas man b\u016btu aprakst\u012bts k\u0101 vair\u0101k miner\u0101lvielu, \u0161\u0137iet, ir ar daudz liel\u0101ku potenci\u0101lu uz aizvara \u0101trumu, nek\u0101 to maz\u0101k miner\u0101lvielu br\u0101l\u0113niem. \u012apa\u0161i aktu\u0101li tas ir attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz baltv\u012bniem.\n<\/p>\n

\nEsmu vair\u0101kk\u0101rt sask\u0101ries ar to, ka baltie v\u012bni bija vair\u0101k \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0438, nek\u0101 no vi\u0146iem gaid\u012bja pamatojoties uz sa\u0146emto v\u0113rt\u0113jumu. <\/p>\n

\nZin\u0101tnisk\u0101 nost\u0101ja ir t\u0101da: no oksid\u0101cijas baltv\u012bns saudz\u0113 br\u012bvs s\u0113ra dioks\u012bds, ko veicina zemu pH (t.i., augsts sk\u0101bums), jo \u0161\u0101d\u0101 vid\u0113 ir vair\u0101k s\u0113ra dioks\u012bda atrodas akt\u012bv\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b (sk\u0101be pati par sevi, nav aizsardz\u012bba no p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgas oksid\u0101cijas).\n<\/p>\n

\nTom\u0113r, da\u017ei v\u012bni ir skaidri \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f no \u0161\u012bs lo\u0123ikas un izr\u0101da liel\u0101ku vitalit\u0101ti, nek\u0101 var\u0113ja no vi\u0146iem sagaid\u012bt. Jo \u012bpa\u0161i, da\u017ei “eko” v\u012bnu ar \u013coti zemu s\u0113ra dioks\u012bda, kas un pagrab\u0101, lai oksid\u0113tu nav tik akt\u012bvi, un atv\u0113rta pudele ilgi saglab\u0101t labu formu.\n<\/p>\n

\nUn \u0161ie notur\u012bgas baltv\u012bnam piem\u012bt vair\u0101k “miner\u0101lu” \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m.\n<\/p>\n

\nViens ung\u0101ru v\u012bna r\u0101d\u012bja man savu balto v\u012bnu no rajona Balatona ezera. V\u012bnus no noteikt\u0101m viet\u0101m bija iev\u0113rojami vair\u0101k nek\u0101 ilgu pussabruk\u0161anas periodu, nek\u0101 blakus, lai gan visi citi faktori, iz\u0146emot terroir, tiem bija vien\u0101di. Taml\u012bdz\u012bgi apst\u0101k\u013ci un liek man tic\u0113t k\u0101du “aizsarg\u0101jo\u0161u efektu”, ko miner\u0101lu sast\u0101vu augsn\u0113.\n<\/p>\n

\nProbl\u0113ma ir t\u0101, ka es nevaru skaidri aprakst\u012bt, meh\u0101nisms, k\u0101 tas darbojas, \u2013 iesp\u0113jams, no nepietiekama manu izpratni par \u0137\u012bmijas v\u012bna. Tom\u0113r v\u012bns sl\u0113pj sev\u012b v\u0113l ir \u013coti daudz nosl\u0113pumu, kam nav zin\u0101tniska izskaidrojuma. <\/p>\n

\nSarkanv\u012bns no oksid\u0101cijas aizsarg\u0101 un s\u0113ra dioks\u012bds, kas to pievienot, un polifenoli, kas taj\u0101 ir. Un, ja \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c palielina iztur\u012bbu balt\u0101 v\u012bna, tad tas ir lo\u0123iski pie\u0146emt, ka sarkan\u0101 ir ar\u012b. Tikai sarkano un tas nav tik skaidrs, jo vi\u0146i nav tik trausli pa\u0161i par sevi.\n<\/p>\n

\nSaite miner\u0101lu rakstura v\u012bna un t\u0101s ilgumu \u2013 ja t\u0101ds past\u0101v \u2013 var b\u016bt k\u0101 vienk\u0101r\u0161s korel\u0101cija, gan c\u0113lo\u0146u un seku atkar\u012bbu.\n<\/p>\n

\nKorel\u0101cija var b\u016bt \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 “miner\u0101lu” gar\u0161as paaugstin\u0101tu saturu vainas glutationa, kas atrodas cit\u0101 daudzum\u0101 baltos v\u012bnus un aizsarg\u0101 to no oksid\u0101cijas.<\/p>\n

\nBet varb\u016bt lieta ir saj\u016bta noteikta veida “tekst\u016bras”, kas atst\u0101j mut\u0113 v\u012bns ar pazemin\u0101tu polifenolu, \u2013 un baltajiem v\u012bniem tie ir, oddly pietiekami, var provoc\u0113t oksid\u0101ciju, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no sarkanajiem, kur polifenoli no t\u0101 pasarg\u0101. Da\u017ei v\u012bndari praktiz\u0113 prevent\u012bvu \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e oksid\u0101ciju v\u012bnogu sulas, lai atbr\u012bvotos no liek\u0101 polifenolu, kas var izrais\u012bt nev\u0113lamu lieko oksid\u0101ciju v\u0113l\u0101k, proces\u0101 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n

\nLai k\u0101 ar\u012b b\u016btu, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c v\u012bna \u2013 tas ir sare\u017e\u0123\u012bts jaut\u0101jums, v\u0113l nav p\u0113tot un \u013coti interesants. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Jamie Na\u0161\u0137is (Jamie Goode), tautas daudziem v\u012bnzi\u0146u termins “\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c” aprakst\u0101 v\u012bna p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 arvien bie\u017e\u0101k tiek kritiz\u0113ta k\u0101 ap\u0161aub\u0101ms un \u0434\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saistita-informacija"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6327","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6327"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6327\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6327"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6327"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}