{"id":6204,"date":"2020-01-12T23:30:13","date_gmt":"2020-01-12T20:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/kas-ir-grand-cru\/"},"modified":"2020-01-12T23:30:13","modified_gmt":"2020-01-12T20:30:13","slug":"kas-ir-grand-cru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/kas-ir-grand-cru\/","title":{"rendered":"Kas ir Grand cru?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\t\t  <strong>Grand cru<\/strong> (grand cru) v\u0113sturiski burtisks tulkojums no fran\u010du valodas noz\u012bm\u0113 &#8220;ra\u017ea ar lielisku zemes gabala&#8221;, kur cru \u2013 sv\u0113to vakar\u0113dienu pag\u0101ju\u0161a laika no v\u0101rda cro\u00eetre \u2013 audz\u0113t. Ang\u013cu grand cru saukts l\u012bdz\u012bgi: k\u0101 great growth, t.i., liel\u0101 ra\u017ea. Tom\u0113r \u0161odien v\u0113rt\u012bbu j\u0113dzienus Grand cru Francij\u0101 b\u016bt atkar\u012bga no re\u0123iona.\n <\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/d47719df9bced4e465bdf7e21ba39b8e.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Bourgogne (burgundijas). Cote D &#8216;Or (C\u00f4te d&#8217; Or)<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0411\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c grand cru v\u012bniem ir velt\u012bta liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca p\u0101rskatu un vaic\u0101jumu atrast, neskatoties uz to, ka \u0161\u012b kategorija ir maz\u0101k nek\u0101 2% no visiem re\u0123iona v\u012bnu.<\/p>\n<p>\nBet tie\u0161i Burgundija vispirms n\u0101k pr\u0101t\u0101 saist\u012bb\u0101 ar terminu &#8220;grand cru&#8221;. Un, iesp\u0113jams, \u0161eit saprast \u0161o klasifik\u0101ciju ir viegl\u0101k, nek\u0101, ja tas neb\u016btu. Lai gan izpratne par s\u012bkumu pie v\u012bnzi\u0146u iet gados.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">\n\u0411\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f klasifik\u0101cija \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 v\u012bna d\u0101rziem.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0160odien Burgundijas v\u012bna d\u0101rziem, ir da\u013ca no viena hierarhijas, kura virsotn\u0113 \u2013 grand cru, zem\u0101k \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 cru, tad \u0432\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0436 un viegli re\u0123ion\u0101lais \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044c (Bourgogne), pie pamatnes.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPie tam, Burgundijas 31 v\u012bna statusa grand cru un 33 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 t\u0101du pa\u0161u statusu. Lieta t\u0101da, ka v\u012bna d\u0101rzu \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d (Corton) dod v\u012bnogas tr\u012bs krustojas \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432: \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044c-\u0428\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044c (Corton-Charlemagne) un \u0428\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044c (Charlemagne). Bet Chablis Grand Cru \u2013 visp\u0101r atsevi\u0161\u0137s st\u0101sts, par ko zem\u0101k.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIzm\u0113rs \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 v\u012bna grand cru \u2013 no 0,84 ha (2,1 hekt\u0101ru, slaven\u0101 La Roman\u00e9e \u2013 monopols Domaine du Comte Liger-Belair) l\u012bdz 97,5 ha (vai 241 acre \u2013 v\u012bna Corton). Izm\u0113rs liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca ir robe\u017e\u0101s 5-17 ha, bet tas nav galvenais parametrs kvalit\u0101tes.\n<\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2346e7e156d3dc0059cf9ca32930fe97.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">La Roman\u00e9e Burgundijas \u2013 maz\u0101kais \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d pasaul\u0113, ar plat\u012bbu d\u0101rza maz\u0101k uz vienu hekt\u0101ru.<\/p>\n<p>\nIz\u0146emot Chablis, p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 Burgundijas katrs grand cru \u2013 tas ir patst\u0101v\u012bgs \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d. \u0160\u012b iemesla d\u0113\u013c nosaukums, v\u012bna parasti ir p\u0101rst\u0101v\u0113ta visvair\u0101k man\u0101ms uzraksts uz pudeles. Bet, diem\u017e\u0113l, pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101jiem nav uzticams veids, k\u0101 noteikt p\u0113c eti\u0137etes robe\u017e\u0101s k\u0101da ciema (-\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c) tas atrodas.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nSaknes \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 klasifik\u0101cijas izsekot visiem laikiem liel\u0101kajiem cistercie\u0161u m\u016bku, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f no Benedikt\u012bnie\u0161u orde\u0146a 1098 gad\u0101, lai vad\u012bt vair\u0101k \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e un \u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e dz\u012bvi, veltot sevi kalpo\u0161anai un roku lauksaimniec\u012bbu, nav \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. L\u012bdz tiem \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0446\u044b uzar v\u012bnogu d\u0101rziem gadsimtiem ilgi, bet robe\u017eas posmiem veidojas \u0101tr\u0101k apsv\u0113rumu d\u0113\u013c \u012bpa\u0161umties\u012bbas uz zemi, bet, pateicoties \u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c ir izveidojusies prakse, kas norobe\u017eo lab\u0101ko gabalu no viedok\u013ca par kvalit\u0101tes kult\u016bru.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n1855. gad\u0101, vair\u0101k nek\u0101 slavenaj\u0101 ievie\u0161anu klasifik\u0101cijas Bordo v\u012bnu, \u0101rsts Jules Laval (Jules Lavalle) public\u0113ja savu &#8220;Topogr\u0101fiju zelta nog\u0101zes Burgundijas&#8221; (Plan Topographique of Burgundy&#8217;s C\u00f4te d &#8216;Or&#8221;) \u2013 detaliz\u0113ts pl\u0101ns visu v\u012bna d\u0101rzu no \u0414\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0430 l\u012bdz \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435.\n<\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/747b66a258289cd59cf500e6aba00361.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">Ilustr\u0101cija no &#8220;Topogr\u0101fija&#8221; \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f<\/p>\n<p>\nBet vismaz darbs \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f un kalpo par pamatu 400 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, kurus 1936. gad\u0101, sav\u0101 darb\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 klasific\u0113 lab\u0101kos posmus, k\u0101 T\u00eate de Cuv\u00e9e (\u0422\u044d\u0442 de cuv\u00e9e), izl\u012bdzinot p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s kategorij\u0101s Pirmo, Otro un Tre\u0161o cuv\u00e9e (Premi\u00e8re, Deuxi\u00e8me, Troisi\u00e8me Cuv\u00e9e). \u0160odien j\u0113dziens \u0422\u044d\u0442 de cuv\u00e9e mums vair\u0101k ir zin\u0101ms par v\u012bniem Champagne, kur tas apz\u012bm\u0113 vismaig\u0101k\u0101s (pirm\u0101s) tipa frakcijas.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nUn darbs \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f, un klasifik\u0101cija Bordo v\u012bnu 1855 gada dom\u0101ju\u0161i k\u0101 momentuz\u0146\u0113mums pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo sp\u0113ku izlietojumu re\u0123ion\u0101 un k\u0101 b\u0101ze, lai veidotu n\u0101kotnes klasifik\u0101cijas, bet bija ar\u012b daudzi gados ir cirsts akmen\u012b.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTom\u0113r, \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f sist\u0113ma \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 tika noform\u0113ta tikai 1936. gad\u0101. L\u012bdz tam laikam ar 1800\u0445 nor\u0101d\u012bta skaidra nodal\u012b\u0161ana audz\u0113t\u0101jiem un tirdzniec\u012bbas gatavu v\u012bnu nozares komp\u0101nij\u0101m lielbrit\u0101nij\u0101. Uz 19 m gadsimt\u0101 Burgundijas v\u012bna \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c balstoties uz vid\u0113jo cenu par v\u012bnu no da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m re\u0123iona (noteikt\u0101s pla\u0161\u0101k, nek\u0101 tas ir tagad), ne\u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 atsevi\u0161\u0137u ra\u017eot\u0101ju. Diskusijas par sal\u012bdzino\u0161o noz\u012bm\u012bgumu terroir un z\u012bmolu s\u0101ka risin\u0101ties 20. gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101. Klasifik\u0101cija 1936. gada \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 arvien liel\u0101kas ba\u017eas modernu audz\u0113t\u0101jiem par to, ka vi\u0146u produkti ir stipri zaud\u0113 mais\u012bjum\u0101 ar sve\u0161iem ra\u017eu.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTikai se\u0161as d\u0101rzu no vis\u0101m \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 grand cru ir \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 Fran\u010du Revol\u016bcija un ievie\u0161anas Napoleona Kodeksa, p\u0101r\u0113jie bija sadal\u012bti starp vair\u0101kiem \u012bpa\u0161niekiem. Piem\u0113ram, Clos de \u0412\u0443\u0436\u043e (Clos de Vougeot), kas iepriek\u0161 pieder\u0113ja \u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c, tagad aptuveni 80 saimniekiem. Daudzi \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438 d\u0101rzu sl\u0113dz l\u012bgumus par vad\u012bbas vai iz\u012br\u0113 savu vietu slavens \u0434\u043e\u043c\u044d\u043d\u0430\u043c, tom\u0113r liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 v\u012bnu zem \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 Grand Cru tiek ra\u017eoti vair\u0101k nek\u0101 vienu saimniec\u012bbu.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBurgundijas, t\u0101pat k\u0101 visur citur, ne visi v\u012bni grand cru ieg\u016bst vienu l\u012bmeni. Tas saist\u012bts gan ar at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgu v\u012bna dar\u012b\u0161anas metod\u0113m, gan ar to, ka pat da\u017eu hekt\u0101ru atsevi\u0161\u0137i zemes gabali, v\u012bna var b\u016bt da\u017e\u0101di dren\u0101\u017eas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, apgaismojums, augsnes sast\u0101vs, vecums un kvalit\u0101te v\u012bnogul\u0101ju, \u2013 tas viss atspogu\u013cojas uz j\u016bsu ra\u017eu un gatavo v\u012bnu.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Chablis<\/h3>\n<p>\nIzce\u013cas no p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 Burgundijas v\u0113rts Chablis, kur ir ieviests vienotais \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d grand prix saku \u2013 Chablis Grand Cru, kas apvieno septi\u0146as atsevi\u0161\u0137as v\u012bna d\u0101rziem, ko sauc par \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430 (climat), kas nor\u0101d\u012bti uz eti\u0137etes, kas atrodas blakus Grand Cru.\n<\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/860270950c9abc4cb2bf4137f7ab7e00.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">Chablis grand cru. Zem nor\u0101dot \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 &#8211; v\u012bna d\u0101rza nosaukums (\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430): \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0160is \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d sedz viena mas\u012bva v\u012bnogul\u0101ju \u0161\u0137irnes chardonnay kop\u0113jo plat\u012bbu 100 hekt\u0101ru (247 hekt\u0101ru), kas atrodas uz dienvidrietumu nog\u0101z\u0113 net\u0101lu no pils\u0113tas Chablis. Noform\u0113ts 1938. gad\u0101 un ir atbr\u012bvot ne vair\u0101k k\u0101 2% no visiem Chablis v\u012bniem.<\/p>\n<h3>Bordo<\/h3>\n<p>\nBordo j\u0113dziens grand cru var izmantot da\u017e\u0101dos veidos, apz\u012bm\u0113 atsevi\u0161\u0137u saimniec\u012bbu vai chateau, kura plant\u0101cijas atrodas \u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c ap galveno \u0113ku, vai \u2013 kas ir bie\u017e\u0101k \u2013 var iedal\u012bt vair\u0101k\u0101s \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 viens no otra zemes gabalu.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">\nKlasifik\u0101cija Bordo \u2013 tas ir klasifik\u0101cija mui\u017eu (pils).<\/p>\n<p>\nTikai divas francijas re\u0123iona \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 klasifik\u0101cijas sabiedr\u012bbas v\u0113rt\u0113jot saimniec\u012bbu. Otrais \u0161\u0101ds re\u0123ions \u2013 Provence.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Saint-Emilion <\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0160eit atsl\u0113gas v\u0101rds ir class\u00e9. Bez \u0161\u012b v\u0101rda uzraksts Saint-\u00c9milion Grand Cru uz eti\u0137etes noz\u012bm\u0113 pieder\u012bbu v\u012bna uz zem\u0101k\u0101 pak\u0101piena sist\u0113mas grand cru St \u042d\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430. <\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/6367ae9289e826e8a47dab927271e6e6.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">B\u0101zes Grand Cru St \u042d\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0160aj\u0101 kategorij\u0101 nav atsevi\u0161\u0137as sub-zonas, ir tikai da\u017ei \u012bpa\u0161as pras\u012bbas attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz ra\u017eo\u0161anu (pirm\u0101m k\u0101rt\u0101m attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz zem\u0101ku ra\u017eu, augst\u0101ka l\u012bme\u0146a alkohola un oblig\u0101to \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 komisijas par katru \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0430). T.i., faktiski tas ir daudz tuv\u0101k par superior Bordo (Bordeaux Sup\u00e9rieur), nek\u0101 pie p\u0101r\u0113jiem grand cru Francij\u0101. Simtiem v\u012bnu St \u042d\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0435 valk\u0101 nor\u0101de Grand Cru. Tas ir neskaidrs uninitiated.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nCita lieta \u2013 v\u012bns ar uzrakstu Grand Cru Classe. Tie p\u0101rst\u0101v divas apak\u0161kategorijas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Premier Grand Cru Classe ar \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 &#8220;A&#8221; (4 saimniec\u012bbas virsotne klasifik\u0101cijas) un &#8220;B&#8221; (14 saimniec\u012bb\u0101m) <\/li>\n<li> Vienk\u0101r\u0161i Grand Cru Classe (64 saimniec\u012bbas)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/5945efa6806c2d3fac4e56f53c2d43ae.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">Pinnacle Grand Cru St \u042d\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/p>\n<p>\nP\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 p\u0101rskat\u012b\u0161ana klasifik\u0101cija ir 2012. gad\u0101 un tika balst\u012bta l\u012bmen\u012b iesniegto komisijas v\u012bnu reput\u0101ciju, m\u0101jsaimniec\u012bbu tirg\u016b, k\u0101 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0443\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 un ra\u017eo\u0161anas l\u012bmeni. K\u0101rt\u0113jo p\u0101rskat\u012b\u0161ana var notikt ne agr\u0101k 2022.<\/p>\n<h3>Medoc<\/h3>\n<p>\n1855. gad\u0101 lab\u0101kos v\u012bnus \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e subre\u0123ionos-Medoc k\u0101 ar\u012b vienu no subre\u0123ionos-\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432 (chateau Haut-Brion) bija \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b p\u0113c \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 sist\u0113m\u0101 &#8220;grand cru klas\u0113&#8221; (Les Grands Crus Class\u00e9s): no pirm\u0101 grand cru (Premiers Grands Crus) l\u012bdz piekt\u0101s grand cru (Cinqui\u00e8me Grands Crus). Skaits pirmajiem tad pieteicies tikai \u010detras chateau, ar kuriem ir tikai 1973. gad\u0101 tika public\u0113ta v\u0113l viena lieta \u2013 Moutoni Rothschild (Mouton Rothschild).\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/58c562fa592d216672266eac2d562e3a.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">Pirm\u0101 grand cru klases: Margo<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0160odien v\u0101rda Grand bie\u017ei tiek nolaists, atz\u012bm\u0113jot \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 saimniec\u012bba no \u0161\u012b saraksta k\u0101 pirmais cru, otrais cru un t\u0101 t\u0101l\u0101k (angl. First Growth, un t\u0101l\u0101k l\u012bdz Fifth Growth), bet visi v\u012bni, kas \u0161aj\u0101 klasifik\u0101cij\u0101 kop\u012bgs termins &#8220;cru klases&#8221; (fr. Crus Class\u00e9s , ang\u013cu val. Classed Growths).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0160\u012b sist\u0113ma turpina past\u0101v\u0113t gandr\u012bz stingri, regul\u0101ri izraisot str\u012bdus. Ar 1855 gada daudzas saimniec\u012bbas no vair\u0101kiem cru klases pirka un p\u0101rdeva \u012bpa\u0161umus uz v\u012bna d\u0101rziem, nemainot savu vietu klasifik\u0101cija. Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101, chateau Gloria (Ch\u00e2teau Gloria), kas izveidota un att\u012bst\u0101s no 1942. gada posmos pirkti tikai t\u0101m saimniec\u012bb\u0101m cru klases, netiku vi\u0146u sarakst\u0101, neskatoties uz to, ka p\u0113c starptautiskajiem standartiem, nevar tikt uzskat\u012bts par debitantu, bet vi\u0146a v\u012bns tiek atz\u012bts, kritiski acclaimed k\u0101 atbilsto\u0161a l\u012bme\u0146a Cru Class\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nKlasifik\u0101cija 160 gadus vecs diez vai sp\u0113j atspogu\u013cot faktisko situ\u0101ciju re\u0123ion\u0101. Chateau Lynch-\u0411\u0430\u0436 (Lynch-Bages) \u2013 &#8220;tikai&#8221; 5th grand cru \u2013 ir k\u013cuvis iemiesojums k\u0101 piem\u0113rs ac\u012bmredzam\u0101s pretrunas. Cits piem\u0113rs \u2013 chateau \u041b\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043d (Lanessan) \u2013 kaimi\u0146\u0161 \u0413\u0440\u044e\u043e-\u041b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437 (Gruaud-Larose), bet tie\u0161i \u0101rzem\u0113s Saint-\u0416\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0160\u012b saimniec\u012bba ir apvelt\u012bjusi pietiekamu reput\u0101ciju (un ir v\u0113l joproj\u0101m), lai pretend\u0113tu uz iek\u013cau\u0161anu klasifik\u0101ciju, bet 1855. gad\u0101, \u012bpa\u0161nieks konstat\u0113ja, ka vi\u0146as par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s birokr\u0101tisku mu\u013c\u0137\u012bbu un nav iesniedzis pieteikumu.\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/e4fed39a0c74b3c1ab65fecf55a2d48e.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\nIz\u0146emot precedentu ar Moutoni Rothschild, klasifik\u0101cija 1855 gada \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 main\u012bt tikai ar izzu\u0161anu k\u0101das saimniec\u012bbas (piem\u0113ram, Ch\u00e2teau Dubignon no 3 grand cru).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTas viss noved pie t\u0101, ka da\u017e\u0101du kritiku, v\u012bnzinis, izdevumos, k\u0101 ar\u012b v\u012bna bir\u017ea Liv-Ex veido v\u0113rt\u0113jumi \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 chateau.\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432 un Sauternes<\/h3>\n<p>\nApak\u0161re\u0123ions \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0432 (Graves) kopum\u0101 palika prom no diskusijas par \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 grand cru. 1959. gad\u0101 te nodibin\u0101ja savu, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e, klasifik\u0101ciju, lai balto un sarkano v\u012bnu, kur\u0101 16 saimniec\u012bb\u0101m izveidoja vien\u012bgo kategorij\u0101 &#8220;cru klases&#8221; (Crus Class\u00e9s). Visas \u0161\u012bs saimniec\u012bbas ir iek\u013cautas tagad sast\u0101vs \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043a-\u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043d (Pessac-L\u00e9ognan).\n<\/p>\n<p>Masta saldie v\u012bni \u0421\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 (saul\u0113 kalt\u0113tiem tom\u0101tiem) 1855. gad\u0101 tika klasific\u0113ti k\u0101 pirmie un otrie cru (Premier \u0421\u0433\u0438, Deuxi\u00e8me Cru) ar \u012bpa\u0161u atdal\u012b\u0161anas chateau d &#8216;\u0418\u043a\u0435\u043c (Chateau D&#8217; Yquem) k\u0101 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044c\u0435 cru \u0441\u044e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440 (Premier Cru Sup\u00e9rieur).\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160ampa\u0146a<\/h3>\n<p>\nJa Burgundijas klasific\u0113 v\u012bna un Bordo saimniec\u012bbas, tad Champagne tiek klasific\u0113ti veselus ciematus, pie\u0161\u0137irot tiem statuss Premier Cru un Grand Cru. <\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">Champagne klasific\u0113 veselus ciematus<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/61f7291da0417fdabcb5e7ba8142755b.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">\u0160ampanietis ar v\u012bna ciema klases Grand Cru (Maijas)<\/p>\n<p>\nRanga pa\u0161iem v\u012bna Champagne, piem\u0113ram, Burgundij\u0101, ir daudz ilgsto\u0161u un kr\u0101sains v\u0113sturi. Tradicion\u0101li, nopelniem noteikt lab\u0101ko gabalu re\u0123iona, kas tiek pied\u0113v\u0113tas \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 m\u016bkam M\u0101j\u0101s \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0443 (1638-1715), l\u012bdz ar to inov\u0101ciju praksi \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f v\u012bnu (galvenok\u0101rt klus\u0101), lai pan\u0101ktu vienm\u0113r\u012bgu kvalit\u0101tes produktu kopsummas.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nViet\u0113j\u0101 hierarhiska sist\u0113ma, ko sauc nosaukums \u042d\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c de Cru (\u00c9chelle des Crus), burtiski &#8220;k\u0101p\u0146u ra\u017eu&#8221;, tika ieviesta 1911. gad\u0101 k\u0101 meh\u0101nisms fiks\u0113tu cenu uz produktu audz\u0113t\u0101jiem, ko sa\u0146\u0113m\u0101t kop\u0101 ar \u0161ampanieti m\u0101j\u0101m \u2013 atbildot uz virkni zemnieku \u0431\u0443\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 iepriek\u0161\u0113jiem gadiem.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0160ampanietis ciema grand cru (Grand Cru) \u2013 tie ir tie, kas sa\u0146\u0113mu\u0161i maksim\u0101lo 100% koeficients, lai apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101tu cenu par savu ra\u017eu no fiks\u0113t\u0101 maksim\u0101li noteikto komiteju, v\u012bnogu audz\u0113t\u0101jiem un v\u012bndariem. Lai ciemu \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 cru (Premier Cru) koeficients bija 90-99% fiks\u0113to maksim\u0101lo cenu. P\u0101r\u0113jiem cena sv\u0101rst\u012bj\u0101s robe\u017e\u0101s 80-89% no noteikt\u0101 maksim\u0101l\u0101.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nStatuss grand cru s\u0101kotn\u0113ji sa\u0146\u0113ma 12 ciemi. V\u0113l 5 tika pievienoti pie tiem 1985. gad\u0101. \u0160odien plat\u012bba zem v\u012bnogul\u0101jiem visiem 17 ciemi Grand Cru ir ne vair\u0101k k\u0101 9% no kop\u0113j\u0101s plat\u012bbas v\u012bna Champagne.<\/p>\n<h3>Alsace<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u042d\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 v\u012bns ar uzrakstu Grand Cru ir j\u0101notiek ar vienu no 51 atsevi\u0161\u0137u v\u012bna d\u0101rzu, kam ir savs v\u0101rds. Tie ir izkais\u012bti vis\u0101 teritorij\u0101, Elzasas un at\u0161\u0137iras \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, bet visi diapazon\u0101 augstumu 200-300 m virs j\u016bras l\u012bme\u0146a. To izm\u0113rs sv\u0101rst\u0101s no 3 ha l\u012bdz 80 \u0433\u0430.<br \/>\nKatram \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 Elzasas atbilst savs atsevi\u0161\u0137s \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d (kop\u0161 2012).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nS\u0101kotn\u0113ji (uz 1973\u043c) atbilsto\u0161i l\u012bmenim grand cru tika atz\u012bts vien\u012bgais v\u012bna \u2013 \u0160losberga. Kategorija tika likumu noform\u0113tam 1983, kop\u0101 ar v\u0113l 24 v\u012bna d\u0101rziem. 1992. gad\u0101 to pievienoja v\u0113l 25. 2007. v\u012bna Kaefferkopf k\u013cuvis p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b papildin\u0101\u0161anu \u0161\u012b saraksta.\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/9d1a9dcf16ef1528501b7c04aef29466.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\nV\u0113l nesen daudzi ra\u017eot\u0101ji skeptiski iztur\u0113j\u0101s pret \u0161o sist\u0113mu. Liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 t\u0101p\u0113c, ka uzskat\u012bja to kvalit\u0101tes pras\u012bbas nav pietiekami stingriem, k\u0101 ar\u012b da\u017eas v\u012bna d\u0101rziem tika uzskat\u012btas par p\u0101r\u0101k liel\u0101m, un fragment\u0101rs raksturs augsnes un ekspoz\u012bcijas v\u012bnogul\u0101jiem. Hugel l\u012bdz \u0161im apz\u012bmogo savas masta v\u012bna z\u012bmolu. Mal\u0101 paliek un Leon Beyer. Bet kopum\u0101, jaut\u0101jums v\u012bna Grand Cru sagaida arvien vair\u0101k entuziasma starp v\u012bndariem jaun\u0101s paaudzes.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPiem\u0113ram, Burgundij\u0101, \u0161eit ir izplat\u012bta prakse sadarb\u012bbas pieder v\u012bna da\u017e\u0101diem ra\u017eot\u0101jiem. Tom\u0113r da\u017ek\u0101rt \u0161\u0101du zemesgabalu (da\u013cu) sa\u0146em savu v\u0101rdu un tiek uzskat\u012bti par monopolu. Slaven\u0101kais piem\u0113rs \u2013 uzvilku Clos Sainte Hune robe\u017e\u0101s d\u0101rza Rosacker Grand Cru, kas pieder uz\u0146\u0113mumam Trimbach.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u041d\u0435\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 fran\u010du klasific\u0113tu v\u012bniem ir \u044d\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f prakse nor\u0101des v\u012bnogu \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u uz eti\u0137etes. Tas papla\u0161ina un viet\u0113jo v\u012bnu gran cru. At\u013cautaj\u0101m \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m, \u0161\u012bs kategorijas ir riesling un gewurztraminer, muscat un pinot gris. Iz\u0146\u0113mums \u2013 v\u012bna Zotzenberg, kas specializ\u0113jas veid\u0101 silvaner, nav pie\u013caujama nevien\u0101 cit\u0101 grand cru Elzasas. Pie tam, Zotzenberg Grand Cru nevar dar\u012bt no muskatriekstu, kaut gan tas ar\u012b ir \u0161eit aug.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nJa Burgundijas tikai divi \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 no visiem grand cru var ra\u017eot gan baltie, gan sarkanie v\u012bni (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d un \u041c\u044e\u0437\u0438\u043d\u044c\u0438), tad \u042d\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435 tikai diviem grand cru at\u013cauta izdevums \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 (pamatojoties uz riesling, kas Altenberg de Bergheim, un, pamatojoties uz \u0433\u0435\u0432\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 uz Kaefferkopf). P\u0101r\u0113jie ir ierobe\u017eots k\u0101d\u0101m div\u0101m no \u010detr\u0101m iepriek\u0161 min\u0113taj\u0101m \u0161\u0137irn\u0113m.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nNo 2015. gada INAO (fran\u010du lauksaimniec\u012bbas regulators) izskata iesp\u0113ju ieviest uz \u042d\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435 kategorijas \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 cru. Saist\u012bb\u0101 ar \u0161o izmai\u0146u sarakst\u0101 grand cru nav pie\u0146emts.<\/p>\n<p class=\"block\">P.s.: jaut\u0101jums ra\u017eu<\/p>\n<p>\nM\u0113s esam atst\u0101ju\u0161i \u0101rpus \u0161\u012b raksta jaut\u0101jumu saska\u0146ojot ar at\u013cauto l\u012bmeni ra\u017e\u012bbu da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s francijas grand cru un iek\u0161\u0101 re\u0123ion\u0101l\u0101s hierarhijas. Skaidrs, ka Champagne izce\u013cas, jo norma ra\u017eu Champagne nosaka kopum\u0101 vis\u0101 re\u0123ion\u0101, lai katra \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0430. Izskat\u012b\u0161ana tik svar\u012bgu aspektu viedok\u013ca par kvalit\u0101tes vad\u012bbas v\u012bna prasa, rakstot atsevi\u0161\u0137u beramkravu materi\u0101lu, kas m\u0113s noteikti izlaid\u012bsim, kad b\u016bsim ar garu.\n<\/p>\n<p>Avots: port\u0101ls wine-searcher.com Jul 2018<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Grand cru (grand cru) v\u0113sturiski burtisks tulkojums no fran\u010du valodas noz\u012bm\u0113 &#8220;ra\u017ea ar lielisku zemes gabala&#8221;, kur cru \u2013 sv\u0113to vakar\u0113dienu pag\u0101ju\u0161a laika&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saistita-informacija"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6204"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6204\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}