{"id":6198,"date":"2020-01-12T23:27:22","date_gmt":"2020-01-12T20:27:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/ka-radas-sampanietis\/"},"modified":"2020-01-12T23:27:22","modified_gmt":"2020-01-12T20:27:22","slug":"ka-radas-sampanietis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/ka-radas-sampanietis\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0101 rad\u0101s \u0161ampanietis?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\u0160ampanietis simbols \u2013 sv\u0113tku un “\u012bpa\u0161iem gad\u012bjumiem”, satel\u012bttelev\u012bzija svar\u012bgo datumu, veiksm\u012bgiem dar\u012bjumiem un svin\u012bgiem br\u012b\u017eiem. Pats v\u0101rds ir tik pies\u0101tin\u0101ts asoci\u0101cij\u0101m, kas ir k\u013cuvusi par m\u0101jsaimniec\u012bbas nosaukumu. Liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca cilv\u0113ku (ne tikai Krievij\u0101) esam pieradu\u0161i saukt par \u0161ampanieti jebkur\u0161 dzirksto\u0161ais v\u012bns. Starp tiem “\u0161ampanieti” \u2013 tas ir \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 eiropas likumiem un fran\u010du trad\u012bcij\u0101m nosaukums ekskluz\u012bvu un unik\u0101lu dz\u0113rienu, \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e zemi un v\u012bndari Champagne.\n <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\nKo tad dara tie\u0161i \u0161ampanietis \u012bpa\u0161u v\u012bnu, par etalonu starp dzirksto\u0161o? B\u016bt pirmais \u2013 v\u0113l ne \u0137\u012bla ir ekskluzivit\u0101te. J\u0101, un vai \u0161ampanietis pirmais dzirksto\u0161o? Par to zem\u0101k. \u0160odien ir dar\u012bts daudz lielisku dzirksto\u0161ajiem v\u012bniem vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113. Burbu\u013ci \u2013 tas ir svar\u012bgi, bet ar t\u0101m nevienu vairs nep\u0101rsteigsi. Un \u0161ampanietis p\u0101rsteidz.\n<\/p>\n

\nT\u0101tad k\u0101ds ir nosl\u0113pums? Pie\u0146emsim sejas t\u0101.\n <\/p>\n


\n“Otra \u0161\u0101da novieto\u0161ana nav.
\nIr pie\u0146emts, neapstr\u0101d\u0101ts, un pats sk\u0101bo vis\u0101 Francij\u0101 v\u012bna un, k\u0101 no cepures burvis, iet izcili, \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 no vis\u0101m rad\u012bb\u0101m pasaul\u0113 v\u012bns. Tie\u0161i t\u0101p\u0113c es atkal atkar\u012bgi no \u0448\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443.”
\n (Oz Clark)
\n<\/i><\/p>\n

St\u0101sts par “izgudrojumu” \u0161ampanie\u0161a<\/h2>\n

K\u0101 b\u016btu pievilc\u012bgi ar skaisti st\u0101stu par \u0123\u0113nijos un \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0445, v\u0113sturisk\u0101 paties\u012bba \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430: \u0161ampanietis neviens \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b. Tas par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s pats, jo vienk\u0101r\u0161i nevar\u0113ja par\u0101d\u012bties. V\u0113l vair\u0101k: tas par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s \u0101tr\u0101k par sp\u012bti p\u016bl\u0113m, \u0161ampanieti v\u012bndaru (ieskaitot le\u0123end\u0101ro m\u016bks Pj\u0113ra \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430, par kuru zem\u0101k) . Un tikai tad, kad k\u013cuva skaidrs identit\u0101ti un unik\u0101las kvalit\u0101tes \u0161is v\u012bns v\u012bndari c\u0113l\u0101s uz to pusi, un galu gal\u0101 noveda to ra\u017eo\u0161anas, l\u012bdz piln\u012bbai.\n <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\nLieta t\u0101da, ka \u0160ampa\u0146a \u2013 visvair\u0101k zieme\u013cu re\u0123ions ar v\u012bna kart\u0113, Francij\u0101. Ilgu laiku vi\u0146\u0161 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b ar \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0439 ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 sarkano kluso v\u012bnu no pinot noir un c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s par statusu sniedz\u0113ja vi\u0146a majest\u0101tes kara\u013ca Francij\u0101. Ra\u017eotas pa\u0161\u0101 Champagne klusa (nav dzirksto\u0161ais) baltv\u012bns reiz\u0113m nav \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e piln\u012bb\u0101 \u0441\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c pirms aukst\u0101 laika iest\u0101\u0161an\u0101s. Par to, ka vi\u0146u v\u012bns v\u0113l “nav gatava”, un taj\u0101 gul\u0113ja raugs, \u0161ampanietis v\u012bna nav past\u0101v\u0113jusi. T\u0101p\u0113c, kad l\u012bdz ar pavasara atn\u0101k\u0161anu temperat\u016bra to pagrabos pieauga, un bija pamodies raugs turpin\u0101ja ies\u0101kto, izdalot og\u013csk\u0101bo g\u0101zi \u2013 tas bija, lai visiem ir neizskaidrojama dabas par\u0101d\u012bbu.\n<\/p>\n

\n \u041e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 pavasar\u012b \u0161ampanietis \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043b\u043e kor\u0137i no pudeles, un nereti ar\u012b acu v\u012bnog\u0101m. Fran\u010du pudeles nav \u013coti iztur\u012bgs, un, ja kor\u0137is tur\u0113j\u0101s pudeli cie\u0161i, tad spiediens \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e lauskas pa\u0161u pudeli, da\u017ek\u0101rt radot \u0137\u0113des reakciju pagrab\u0101 un nesot b\u0113das saimniekam.\n <\/p>\n

\n Jo visi \u0161ie “br\u012bnumi” \u0161ampanietis baltais sauca par “\u0434\u044c\u044f\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c v\u012bnu” (le vin du diable). Ar \u0161o “br\u012bnumu” m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ja c\u012bn\u012bties, to m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ju\u0161i atrisin\u0101t ar vienu m\u0113r\u0137i \u2013 atbr\u012bvoties no \u0161\u012bs likstas.\n <\/p>\n

Tikm\u0113r Lim\u0101<\/h3>\n

\n Tikm\u0113r Francijas dienvidos \u2013 pa\u0161vald\u012bb\u0101 Lim\u0101 (v\u012bna re\u0123ion\u0101 Languedoc) jau sen ra\u017eoja dzirksto\u0161ais v\u012bns no viet\u0113j\u0101s balt\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0430\u043a (Mauzac) \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c “lauku metode” (methode rurale), neiekr\u012btot nav ne k\u0101das hist\u0113rijas.\n <\/p>\n

\n Pirm\u0101s rakstisk\u0101s atsauces par \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c vainas “\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435\u0442” no Limu (“blanquette” \u2013 burtiski “\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0435”) sastopams dokumentos abbey of Saint-\u0418\u043b\u0435\u0440 (Saint-Hilaire) 1531 gada \u2013 ka stipri ilgi tap\u0161anas dzirksto\u0161\u0101 \u0161ampanie\u0161a.\n <\/p>\n

Savos memu\u0101ros abbe \u0413\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e katedr\u0101les (1718 gad\u0101), teikts, ka v\u012bns ir ar vieglu nokr\u0101su, gandr\u012bz baltas, pies\u0101tin\u0101t\u0101s g\u0101zes, par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s Champagne aptuveni 1668 gada. <\/i><\/p>\n

\nT\u0101p\u0113c, lai v\u012bnu no Lim\u0101 var uzskat\u012bt paties\u012bb\u0101 pirmais baltu dzirksto\u0161o fran\u010du v\u012bniem.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0160is v\u012bns ir ra\u017eots, un \u0161odien, no viet\u0113j\u0101s \u0161\u0137irnes \u041c\u0443\u0437\u0430\u043a \u2013 un p\u0101rdod ar savu v\u0113sturisko nosaukumu Blanquette de Limoux (\u0411\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435\u0442 de Limu). Tur to pa\u0161u dara ar\u012b citi dzirksto\u0161ie: \u041a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d de Limu (Cremant de Limoux) \u2013 v\u012bns, kas ra\u017eots p\u0113c tradicion\u0101l\u0101m tagad (\u0448\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443) metodi no \u0161\u0137irnes chardonnay un chenin blanc; un \u0411\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435\u0442 Metode \u0410\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c (Blanquette methode ancestrale) \u2013 t.i., \u0411\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435\u0442 par “metodi” sen\u010di ” \u2013 tehnolo\u0123ija, kuru izmanto, ra\u017eojot tiem pa\u0161iem pirmajiem dzirksto\u0161ajiem v\u012bniem Francij\u0101. Zin\u0101tk\u0101rs pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101js var\u0113s atrast visu \u0161\u012bs v\u012bna plauktos v\u012bna veikalos un lielveikalos.\n <\/p>\n

Tikm\u0113r Anglij\u0101<\/h3>\n

\n Kam\u0113r \u0161ampanietis v\u012bna c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s ar \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 burbu\u013ciem, kas ir da\u013ca no vi\u0146u ra\u017eotajiem v\u012bniem \u0443\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 uz Angliju. T\u0101 k\u0101 eksporta v\u012bns pametis Franciju l\u012bdz iest\u0101\u0161an\u0101s siltas dienas, ar britu tas non\u0101ktu klus\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b. T\u0101pat k\u0101 sav\u0101 dzimten\u0113, britu fran\u010di no \u0160ampanie\u0161a p\u0101rdeva kluso v\u012bnu, kam nav nodoma dar\u012bt no t\u0101 dzirksto\u0161ais. Ta\u010du likumi ir fizikas un biolo\u0123ijas str\u0101d\u0101ja Anglij\u0101 nav slikt\u0101ka, nek\u0101 Francij\u0101 \u2013 un ar \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0161ampanieti notika t\u0101s pa\u0161as metamorfozes.\n <\/p>\n

Bet.<\/p>\n

\n Laman\u0161am v\u012bns \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e muc\u0101s un jau Anglij\u0101 izplat\u012bj\u0101s pudel\u0113s viet\u0113j\u0101 ra\u017eojuma. Bet viet\u0113jie pudeles bija daudz stipr\u0101ks francijas, jo glassmakers izmanto ogles kr\u0101sn\u012b (bet ne malkas, piem\u0113ram, Francij\u0101) un citu sast\u0101vu no stikla. Turkl\u0101t, pateicoties sak\u0101rtotu tirdzniec\u012bbu ar Portug\u0101li, ang\u013ci pla\u0161i izmantoti kvalitat\u012bvi dab\u012bgie kor\u0137i; Francij\u0101 tiem laikiem nereti kor\u0137i kalpoja iet\u012bti lupati\u0146u, koka austi\u0146as. Bija pamodies raugs dar\u012bja savu darbu, un labi \u0443\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 stipras pudeles dro\u0161i tur tas ir jautri kontrol\u0113.\n <\/p>\n

P\u0101rvad\u0101t \u0161ampanietis \u013c\u0101va tikai muc\u0101s l\u012bdz 1728 gad\u0101, kad dekr\u0113tu Ludvi\u0137im XV tika atcelts aizliegums eksport\u0113t v\u012bna pudel\u0113s.<\/i><\/p>\n

\nJo velns nav \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043b ang\u013cu pagrabiem, briti nov\u0113rt\u0113ja cie\u0146u dzirksto\u0161o v\u012bnu un m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ja saprast, k\u0101 tas izn\u0101ks. Ta\u010du, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no fran\u010diem, lai tam, lai var\u0113tu to atk\u0101rtot.
\n Un vi\u0146iem tas izdev\u0101s.\n<\/p>\n


\n1662 gad\u0101 britu zin\u0101tnieks-fizi\u0137is, Kristofers \u041c\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0435\u0442 ieviesa Britu Karaliskaj\u0101 Sabiedr\u012bbai \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 trakt\u0101ts “Da\u017ei nov\u0113rojumi, kas attiecas uz pieteikuma v\u012bna”. Tuvum\u0101 v\u0113l t\u0101das dokument\u0101 ir noda\u013ca “K\u0101 padar\u012bt dzirksto\u0161ais \u0448\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0435 v\u012bns” ar sekund\u0101r\u0101s ferment\u0101cijas, kur\u0101 atv\u0113r\u0101s “velna nosl\u0113pums” \u2013 loma, cukuru un raugu, izgl\u012bt\u012bb\u0101 un og\u013csk\u0101b\u0101s g\u0101zes. Atkl\u0101\u0161ana angli ir dar\u012bts 20 gadus agr\u0101k “izgudrojumu” \u0161ampanie\u0161a Francij\u0101. (To St\u012bvensons “Enciklop\u0113dija par \u0161ampanieti”)
\n<\/i><\/p>\n

\nT\u0101 Anglij\u0101 pirmo reizi tika uzs\u0101kta ra\u017eo\u0161ana \u0161\u012b dzirksto\u0161\u0101 \u0161ampanie\u0161a: aptuveni pusgadsimtu pirms k\u013c\u016b\u0161anas par apzin\u0101tu ra\u017eo\u0161anas dzirksto\u0161o v\u012bnu Champagne, bet p\u0113c vair\u0101k nek\u0101 100 gadus p\u0113c apguves ra\u017eo\u0161anas dzirksto\u0161o v\u012bnu “lauku metode” fran\u010du pa\u0161vald\u012bb\u0101 Lim\u0101. <\/p>\n

Bet k\u0101 tad M\u0101ju Perignon?<\/h3>\n

\n \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 m\u016bks m\u0101jas Pierre Perignon
\n(dom \u2013 no lat\u012b\u0146u dominus, forma \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e pieejas \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c) vad\u012bju \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 ar \u0113dienu un v\u012bna pagrabu abatijas \u041e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435 (Saint-Pierre-d ‘ Hautvillers) Champagne, k\u0101 ar\u012b ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesu abatijas v\u012bna. Un \u0161aj\u0101 amat\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161, protams, bija \u013coti \u0443\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d.\n<\/p>\n

P\u0101rzina to tuvu kalpi raksturoja vi\u0146u k\u0101 “\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430”. Tom\u0113r, lieliska v\u012bnu, saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430, bija klusa v\u012bnu no pinot noir. Tas, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no v\u012bna, no balto \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u, bija maz\u0101k br\u012b\u017eiem izr\u0101d\u012bt \u0432\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 raksturs pavasar\u012b: nesaboj\u0101tos pudeles un piepild\u012bt pagrabu put\u0101m. \u0418\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c v\u012bna viennoz\u012bm\u012bgi iztur\u0113j\u0101s pret vi\u0146u netikumiem, un m\u0101ja Perignon bija ap\u0146\u0113m\u012bgi noska\u0146ots to p\u0101rvar\u0113t.\n<\/p>\n

\nSav\u0101 ce\u013c\u0101 uz savu ide\u0101lo vainu m\u0101ja Perignon ienesa lietder\u012bgu un noz\u012bm\u012bgu jaunin\u0101jumi ra\u017eo\u0161anas klus\u0101 un balt\u0101 \u0161ampanie\u0161a. Piem\u0113ram, vi\u0146\u0161 nor\u0101d\u012bja uz \u012bpa\u0161o lomu un pac\u0113la ranga m\u0101kslas \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2013 sajaucot v\u012bnu ar da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m v\u012bna, pamatoti uzskatot, ka nepiecie\u0161amo un past\u0101v\u012bgu kvalit\u0101ti, ir gr\u016bti pan\u0101kt, neizmantojot \u0161o tehniku apst\u0101k\u013cos \u013coti v\u012bna klimata Champagne. Vi\u0146\u0161 ar\u012b ieviesa praksi atdal\u012b\u0161anas misas ar da\u017e\u0101diem posmiem pres\u0113\u0161anas: no pa\u0161a pirm\u0101 sulas, izrieto\u0161u pa\u0161tec\u0113 ar svaru pa\u0161a v\u012bnogu, l\u012bdz p\u0113d\u0113jos pilienus no zem preses. “Asti” spieduma visp\u0101r nav izmantots v\u012bna ra\u017eo\u0161anas laik\u0101 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c m\u0101j\u0101s \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0443 abbey. Vi\u0146a vad\u012bb\u0101 izveide, balt\u0101 klus\u0101 \u0161ampanie\u0161a, sarkanv\u012bna pinot noir \u2013 tas, ko sauc par blanc de noir (blanc de noir) \u2013 ir sasniedzis \u013coti augstu l\u012bmeni.\n<\/p>\n

\nT\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di, nopelniem m\u0101jas \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 pirms \u0161ampanieti v\u012bna dar\u012b\u0161anas tika nov\u0113rt\u0113ti to \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 un nerada \u0161aubas tagad. Tom\u0113r, tie nav tie\u0161as attiec\u012bbas, lai k\u013c\u016btu par dzirksto\u0161\u0101 \u0161ampanie\u0161a vai v\u012bna. <\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0160ampanietis “M\u0101ja Perignon”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0160ampanietis simbols \u2013 sv\u0113tku un “\u012bpa\u0161iem gad\u012bjumiem”, satel\u012bttelev\u012bzija svar\u012bgo datumu, veiksm\u012bgiem dar\u012bjumiem un svin\u012bgiem br\u012b\u017eiem. Pats v\u0101rds ir tik pies\u0101tin\u0101ts asoci\u0101cij\u0101m, kas ir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saistita-informacija"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6198","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6198"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6198\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}