{"id":6167,"date":"2020-01-12T23:03:14","date_gmt":"2020-01-12T20:03:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/tokaja\/"},"modified":"2020-01-12T23:03:14","modified_gmt":"2020-01-12T20:03:14","slug":"tokaja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/tokaja\/","title":{"rendered":"Tokaja"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tokaji (Tokaj), vai Tokaja-\u0425\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0439\u044f (Tokaj-Hegyalja) jau ilgu laiku ir visvair\u0101k paz\u012bstamo v\u012bna re\u0123ions, Ung\u0101rijas, galvenok\u0101rt pateicoties saviem debe\u0161\u0137\u012bgi saldu \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c \u2013 t\u0101du pa\u0161u \u0431\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c v\u012bniem, Tokai, jo \u012bpa\u0161i, Tokaji Asz\u00fa.\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pati Ung\u0101rijas re\u0123ions ir tik nov\u0113rt\u0113jam, ka pat min\u0113ts nacion\u0101laj\u0101 dziesm\u0101 pateic\u012bbas v\u0101rdiem dievam par to, ka Tokaj sz\u0151l\u0151vesszein nekt\u00e1rt csepegtett\u00e9l \u2013 “shed nekt\u0101rs uz v\u012bna d\u0101rziem \u0422\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f”. Bet uz eti\u0137et\u0113m zem vainaga emblazoned “Vinum Regum, Rex Vinorum” (kara\u013cu V\u012bns, v\u012bnu karalis). <\/p>\n

Nosaukums Tokaj<\/h2>\n

\n Ap nosaukumi Tokai ilgu laiku notika juridiskiem str\u012bdiem, jo \u012bpa\u0161i kop\u0161 1990. gada, kad Ung\u0101rija ieviesusi stingrus standartus attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz savu v\u012bna.\n <\/p>\n

2007. gad\u0101 nosaukums Tokaj ieguva statusu aizsarg\u0101t\u0101 nosaukuma izcelsmes vietas, izmantot, kas ir at\u013cauts tikai ra\u017eot\u0101jiem re\u0123iona Tokaj-Hegyalja.<\/p>\n

Eiropas savien\u012bba apstiprin\u0101ja \u0161o normu neskatoties uz ska\u013ci protesti ra\u017eot\u0101jiem Elzasas (kur Tokay ilgus gadus tika izmantots k\u0101 sinon\u012bms pinot gris), k\u0101 ar\u012b it\u0101\u013ci no Friuli (kur ar v\u0101rdu Tocai tradicion\u0101li apz\u012bm\u0113ja \u0161\u0137irne \u0444\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e).\n<\/p>\n

\n Re\u0123ions atrodas uz zieme\u013caustrumu Ung\u0101rij\u0101, uz robe\u017eas ar Slov\u0101kiju. Tas ir aptuveni 30 pils\u0113ti\u0146\u0101m un ciemiem plat\u012bba ir aptuveni vien\u0101da Zelta Kalna Burgundija (Cote d ‘ Or). Paties\u012bb\u0101 dienvidu t\u0101 malas ir v\u0113rts pils\u0113ta, Tokai, kas deva v\u0101rdu vis\u0101 re\u0123ion\u0101 un t\u0101s v\u012bniem. L\u012bdz ar to, svar\u012bgi centriem v\u012bna dar\u012b\u0161anas re\u0123ion\u0101 ir pils\u0113tas Mude (M\u00e1d) un \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0430\u043b\u044c (Tarcal).\n <\/p>\n

Klimata \u0422\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f, dro\u0161u loka Karpatu kalniem, ir sal\u012bdzino\u0161i silts. Augsnes re\u0123iona \u2013 sega no da\u017e\u0101diem tipiem. Nog\u0101z\u0113s domin\u0113 vulk\u0101nu m\u0101ls, pie k\u0101j\u0101m vajadz\u0113ja un l\u012bdzenumi \u2013 liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca less un p\u0101r\u0113jie nogulumiezis. Pie upes krastu \u0411\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433, kas pl\u016bst gar austrumu robe\u017eas re\u0123iona, p\u0101rsvar\u0101 smil\u0161ainas augsnes, it \u012bpa\u0161i apk\u0101rtn\u0113 Tokaja.\n <\/p>\n

V\u012bnogu \u0161\u0137irnes<\/h2>\n

6 v\u012bnogu \u0161\u0137irnes ir ofici\u0101li at\u013cauta ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 v\u012bns Tokaji.\n <\/p>\n

Galvenie 3 \u0161\u0137irnes:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0424\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0442 (Furmint, 60% st\u0101d\u012bjumiem re\u0123ion\u0101), \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0448\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044e (H\u00e1rslevel\u0171) un muscat dzeltena (local. S\u00e1rga Muskot\u00e1ly), tie\u0161i \u0161\u0101d\u0101 sec\u012bb\u0101 p\u0113c to v\u0113rt\u012bbas.\n <\/p>\n

\u0424\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0442, domin\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445, ir paz\u012bstama ar augstu sk\u0101bumu, augstas \u0441\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e un spilgtu arom\u0101tu profilu. Pirmie divi elementi nodro\u0161ina v\u012bniem ir \u013coti liels potenci\u0101ls, lai \u0101trums ir, bet tre\u0161ais \u2013 atpaz\u012bstams raksturs, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 tos no citiem paz\u012bstamiem saldajiem v\u012bniem pasaul\u0113.\n <\/p>\n

Klasisks \u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434 Avs (skat\u012bt zem\u0101k) ietver visas tr\u012bs \u0161\u012bs \u0161\u0137irnes.<\/p>\n

Muscat, parasti, sast\u0101da pavisam nelielu da\u013cu no t\u0101. Tom\u0113r sastopami ar\u012b \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 v\u012bna, pat no 100% muskatriekstu, piem\u0113ram, ori\u0123in\u0101lu Muskot\u00e1lyos Asz\u00fa.\n <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

P\u0101r\u0113jie tr\u012bs \u0161\u0137irnes:<\/b><\/p>\n

Zeta (Z\u00e9ta), iepriek\u0161 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441 (Oremus) \u2013 hibr\u012bdu \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u \u0444\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0442 un \u0431\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0435 (Bouvier).\n <\/p>\n

\u041a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440 (Kabar) \u2013 hibr\u012bds \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0448\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044e un \u0431\u0443\u0432\u044c\u0435.\n <\/p>\n

\u041a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435 (K\u00f6v\u00e9rsz\u0151l\u0151 ) \u2013 rum\u0101\u0146u \u0161\u0137irne n\u0101k no Transilv\u0101nijas, kas paz\u012bstams k\u0101 grasa de \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0440\u044c (\u0440\u0443\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0441\u043a. Gras\u0103 de Cotnari) vai Resertraube.\n <\/p>\n

Uz 18-19 gadsimt\u0101 bija v\u0113l \u0161\u0137irne \u0433\u043e\u0445\u0435\u0440 (Goher), \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 lielu lomu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 v\u012bnu Mis un Esence, bet \u0161\u012b \u0161\u0137irne \u0441\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b uz epid\u0113mijas laputs 1880. gad\u0101. Tagad tiek veikti eksperimenti par to atdz\u012bvin\u0101t un izmantot m\u016bsdienu \u0422\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f\u0445, bet l\u012bdz \u0161im tas nav iek\u013cautas ofici\u0101lo sarakstu. <\/p>\n

Izmekl\u0113tas saldais tokajas<\/h2>\n

\n Avs (Asz\u00fa)<\/strong> \u2013 tas kategorija saldo \u0431\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 v\u012bniem, t.i., v\u012bnu no og\u0101m, skartie “noble boj\u0101\u0161an\u0101s” Botrytis cinerea, \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 ar v\u012bnogul\u0101jiem manu\u0101li. \u0160\u012b s\u0113ne uzs\u016bc v\u012bnogas pie v\u012bnakoka, palielinot koncentr\u0101ciju cukuru un pie\u0161\u0137ir v\u012bns no \u0161\u0101diem ogu \u012bpa\u0161u arom\u0101tu medus un tropu aug\u013cu.\n <\/p>\n

Saldumu degust\u0101cija Asz\u00fa nosaka “\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0448” (puttonyos). Puttonyo, burtiski “muguras” \u2013 tas ir nosaukums lielu \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 grozi, lai v\u012bnogu ra\u017eas glab\u0101\u0161anai, ar ietilp\u012bbu 25 kg Skaits \u0161\u0101du grozi ar izmekl\u0113tajam mais\u012bjumam \u0431\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c v\u012bnog\u0101m 136-litru mucu b\u0101zes saus\u0101 v\u012bna tradicion\u0101li izmantots Tokaj\u0101, lai noteiktu, saldumi, v\u012bni Avs. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

M\u016bsdienu apst\u0101k\u013cos \u0161\u012b sist\u0113ma transform\u0113j\u0101s prec\u012bz\u0101ku, m\u0113r\u012bt gramos atlieku cukura uz litru gatavaj\u0101 v\u012bn\u0101.<\/p>\n

Tr\u012bs \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0448 \u2013 Asz\u00fa 3 puttonyos \u2013 atbilst 60 gramiem cukura uz litru gatavaj\u0101 v\u012bn\u0101. No 1945. l\u012bdz 2014. gada t\u0101 bija zem\u0101k\u0101 lati\u0146a saldumu degust\u0101cija Avs (l\u012bdz 1945. vismaz bija 2 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0448). Katrs n\u0101kamais \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044c\u043e tas ir plus 30 g \/ l uz iepriek\u0161\u0113jo l\u012bmeni.\n <\/p>\n

No 2014. gada no kategorija Asz\u00fa izsl\u0113gti v\u012bna 3 un 4 puttonyos. Kop\u0161 t\u0101 laika kategorija ir sniegta v\u012bnus 5 puttonyos (120 g \/ l) un 6 puttonyos (150 g \/ l)<\/p>\n

Ferment\u0101cija ilgst vair\u0101kus m\u0113ne\u0161us. Tad v\u012bns ir iztur\u0113ts 3-8 gadiem \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 veid\u0101, t. i., sk\u0101bek\u013ca piek\u013cuvi. <\/p>\n

Avs ra\u017eo katru gadu. Ikreiz v\u012bndaris nolemj, labi, vai pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 ra\u017eu, lai ra\u017eotu \u0161\u0101da v\u012bna. <\/p>\n

Tokaji Asz\u00fa Eszencia (Tokai Avs Esence)<\/strong> \u2013 tas ir v\u012bns ar atlieku cukura saturu vair\u0101k 180 gk. Uz t\u0101diem v\u012bniem vairs daudzumu nor\u0101d\u012bt \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0448, bet var teikt, ka tie atbilst v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m 7-10 puttonyos.<\/p>\n

Termins Avs Esence ir paz\u012bstama kop\u0161 19.gs. s\u0101kuma. “Gads kom\u0113tas” (1811) tika izdots pirmais v\u012bns, sad\u012bgu\u0161u tirg\u016b ar \u0161\u0101du nor\u0101di. Ofici\u0101l\u0101 kategorija tas ir k\u013cuvis 1970\u0445 un atlika gait\u0101 l\u012bdz 2009. gadam.<\/p>\n

\n2009. gad\u0101 kategorija Tokaji Asz\u00fa Eszencia ofici\u0101li tika atcelti, lai nerad\u012btu neskaidr\u012bbas ar Tokaji Essencia<\/p>\n

Tokaji Essencia (Tokai Esence)<\/strong> \u2013 ir salds variants ar cukura saturs gatav\u0101 vainas ne maz\u0101k k\u0101 450 gk. da\u017eos paraugos, tas var sasniegt 800 gk. Ra\u017eo sulas no \u0431\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e v\u012bnogu, \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e pa\u0161teces ce\u013c\u0101 zem savu svaru ogas. \u0160\u0101da ferment\u0101cija misas ilgst fantastiski ilgi: p\u0113c da\u017eiem gadiem v\u012bnu var sav\u0101kt tikai 5-7 gr\u0101diem ABV.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dz\u0113rienu ar t\u0101du saldumu un cietoksni visp\u0101r ir gr\u016bti uzskat\u012bt par v\u012bnu. Tas neat\u0161\u0137aid\u012btu, nedaudz sadal\u012bju\u0161\u0101s sula \u0431\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 v\u012bnogu ogas. Nav br\u012bnums, ka Eszencia \u2013 pats rets un d\u0101rgs v\u012bns tipa Asz\u00fa, j\u0101, un viens no d\u0101rg\u0101kajiem starp saldajiem v\u012bniem pasaul\u0113.\n<\/p>\n

T\u012brrad\u0146a Tokai<\/h2>\n

\n Szamorodni (\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a. burtiski “k\u0101 piedzima”) \u2013 tokajas v\u012bnu, kas nav Asz\u00fa. \u0160is v\u012bns ir daudz maz\u0101ku uzman\u012bbu v\u012bna sabiedr\u012bbai. Polijas nosaukums ir saist\u012bts ar v\u0113sturisko tirgus \u0161\u0101da veida ung\u0101ru v\u012bnus. <\/p>\n

\u0160ajos gados, kad uz v\u012bnogul\u0101ju tikai da\u017eas ogas ietekm\u0113 \u0431\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0430, ra\u017eot manu\u0101la atlase ekonomiski neizdev\u012bga, un ra\u017ea ir no\u0146emta piln\u012bb\u0101. T.i., t\u0101ds v\u012bns ra\u017eo no ra\u017eas, kur\u0101 ir kaut k\u0101da da\u013ca \u0431\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 ogas kop\u0101 ar parastaj\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Tokaji szamorodni<\/strong> (Tokai \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438) ar\u012b dal\u0101s p\u0113c satura cukura: no sausa sz\u00e1raz (\u0441\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0437) l\u012bdz saldo \u00e9des (\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0448). Salds minim\u0101lais cukura saturs ir 30 g\/l\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tipisk\u0101 Tokaji szamorodni cukura saturs ir sal\u012bdzin\u0101ms ar 2-3 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0448. Parasti tas ir v\u012bns ar \u0101trumu vair\u0101kus gadus un nedaudz \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c raksturu. Saus\u0101 versija atg\u0101dina sp\u0101\u0146u heresa un francijas “dzeltenais v\u012bns” (fr. vin jaune).\n<\/p>\n

Sausais tokajas<\/h2>\n

\n 21. gadsimt\u0101 arvien liel\u0101ku popularit\u0101ti s\u0101ka veidoties sausa \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 v\u012bna \u2013 saska\u0146\u0101 ar pasaules pat\u0113ri\u0146a tendences. Sausie \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 var nosac\u012bti iedal\u012bt div\u0101s kategorij\u0101s.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ferment\u0113ti t\u0113rauda muc\u0101s, svaigi v\u012bni, kas ir ide\u0101li \u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f pirmajos gados p\u0113c ra\u017eas nov\u0101k\u0161anas<\/li>\n
  • Iztur\u0113ti uz ozola vaina ar potenci\u0101lu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Un, ja pirm\u0101s kategorijas da\u013c\u0113ji izmanto \u0431\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 v\u012bnogas, tad otraj\u0101 (sal\u012bdzino\u0161i nopietna kategorijas sauso v\u012bnu) t\u0101s smar\u017eas nav glu\u017ei piem\u0113rots. Parasti uz eti\u0137etes nor\u0101da v\u012bnogu \u0161\u0137irnes, un parasti tas \u0444\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0442.\n<\/p>\n

    \n Ra\u017eas v\u0101k\u0161ana Tokaj\u0101 \u2013 tas ir piln\u012bgs ilgsto\u0161a lejupsl\u012bde pas\u0101kums, kas sast\u0101v no vair\u0101kiem posmiem.
    \n Pirm\u0101s ogas, v\u0101c septembr\u012b, iet uz ra\u017eo\u0161anu no popularit\u0101te sauso v\u012bnu. D\u0101rgakme\u0146i ra\u017eu \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 ogas Asz\u00fa sav\u0101kt da\u017eas ned\u0113\u013cas v\u0113l\u0101k, reiz\u0113m \u0161is v\u012bnogas paliek uz auga l\u012bdz pat decembrim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tokaji (Tokaj), vai Tokaja-\u0425\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0439\u044f (Tokaj-Hegyalja) jau ilgu laiku ir visvair\u0101k paz\u012bstamo v\u012bna re\u0123ions, Ung\u0101rijas, galvenok\u0101rt pateicoties saviem debe\u0161\u0137\u012bgi saldu \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c \u2013 t\u0101du pa\u0161u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saistita-informacija"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6167"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6167\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}