{"id":6148,"date":"2020-01-12T22:54:52","date_gmt":"2020-01-12T19:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/kimija-vina-pudele-un-jaunas-sveces\/"},"modified":"2020-01-12T22:54:52","modified_gmt":"2020-01-12T19:54:52","slug":"kimija-vina-pudele-un-jaunas-sveces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/kimija-vina-pudele-un-jaunas-sveces\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0136\u012bmija v\u012bna pudel\u0113 un jaunas sveces"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Nav ska\u0146as, ir \u013coti aizraujo\u0161i, saprotu. Bet tie\u0161i \u0161eit, iesp\u0113jams, ir noticis noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kos sasniegumus p\u0113d\u0113jo gadu desmitu c\u012b\u0146\u0101 par v\u012bna kvalit\u0101ti.\n <\/p>\n

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\nPirms 20 gadiem pie kor\u0137a ir gandr\u012bz monopols l\u012bdzek\u013cos maksimuma v\u012bna pudeles. Un \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c vi\u0146a ar \u0161o pe\u013cams, ja god\u012bgi. Jo \u012bpa\u0161i, austr\u0101lie\u0161i ir apnikusi probl\u0113mas ar \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 kor\u0137i v\u0113rt\u0113jums sv\u0101rst\u012bj\u0101s, bet kopum\u0101, l\u012bdz 10% v\u012bnu saimniec\u012bb\u0101s bija \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b no “kor\u0137a slim\u012bbu vai priek\u0161laic\u012bgas oksid\u0101cijas d\u0113\u013c probl\u0113m\u0101m ar vi\u0146u pa\u0161u. Probl\u0113ma ir mekl\u0113t alternat\u012bvas bija \u013coti aktu\u0101ls.\n<\/p>\n

\nVispirms s\u0101ka izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101t kor\u0137i no plastmasas.\n<\/p>\n

\nSint\u0113tika pirm\u0101s paaudzes izgatavoti izmantojot lie\u0161anas zem spiediena un stipri bija zem\u0101kaj\u0101 pak\u0101p\u0113, nek\u0101 m\u016bsdienu paraugiem. Neraugoties uz tr\u016bkumiem (viens no kuriem bija gr\u016bt\u012bbas ar iz\u0146em\u0161anas no pudeles), tie kor\u0137i ir sasniegu\u0161i pazem\u012bgs, bet pan\u0101kumu vid\u016b 1990\u0445.\n<\/p>\n

\nCitiem galvenais pretendents uz nomai\u0146u ir k\u013cuvusi par \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f v\u0101ks. Vi\u0146as m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ja ieviest Austr\u0101lij\u0101 v\u0113l 1970\u0445, bet pat\u0113r\u0113t\u0101js nav saprotams, un m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jums neizdev\u0101s.\n<\/p>\n

\nAtk\u0101rtots pieeju \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 notika 1999\u043c, kad ra\u017eot\u0101js Orlando ir nol\u0113mis sl\u0113gt savu top riesling gan tradicion\u0101lo aizb\u0101zni, gan skr\u016bv\u0113jamiem. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas spir\u0101lveida pudeles apsp\u0113l\u0113ja tradicion\u0101l\u0101s. Un tad 2000m vair\u0101ki ra\u017eot\u0101ji no Clare Valley ir apvienoju\u0161ies, un reizi izlaida savu rieslings ar skr\u016bv\u0113jamiem, \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432 tas ir liels \u0448\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0439 PLA\u0160SAZI\u0145AS l\u012bdzek\u013cos.\n<\/p>\n

\nSeko v\u012bndari Jaunz\u0113landes p\u0101r\u0101k steidz\u0101s ieskr\u016bv\u0113t savas svaigi \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 v\u0101kiem.\n<\/p>\n

\nT\u0101p\u0113c m\u0113s esam par zin\u0101tni.\n<\/p>\n

\nTad visiem bija priek\u0161stats, ka loma kor\u0137i \u2013 plug pudeli, lai nav iek\u013cuva gaiss un nav iztec\u0113ja v\u012bns. Tam tr\u016bkst, t\u0101 ir izpratne par lomu, kuru sp\u0113l\u0113 kor\u0137is piek\u013c\u016b\u0161anu pudeli mikro devu sk\u0101bek\u013ca un milz\u012bgo ietekmi p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s st\u0101vokli un att\u012bst\u012bbu v\u012bna pudel\u0113.\n<\/p>\n

\n Pionieris p\u0113t\u012bjumu par \u0161o t\u0113mu ir k\u013cuvis par Austr\u0101lijas P\u0113t\u012bjumu Instit\u016bts V\u012bna (AWRI), atv\u0113rs visiem acis uz br\u012bnumus v\u012bna \u0137\u012bmijas nosl\u0113gt\u0101 pudel\u0113.\n<\/p>\n

\nP\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e to pa\u0161u v\u012bnu \u2013 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 uz ozola \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0439\u043e\u043d 1999. gada no Clare Valley \u2013 sl\u0113gts 14 da\u017e\u0101da veida sveces. Visas pudeles notika testi gar\u0161u un in vitro p\u0113c regul\u0101riem laika interv\u0101liem. \u012asum\u0101 izn\u0101kums ir sekojo\u0161s: sint\u0113tisk\u0101 kor\u0137a, kas izmantoti \u0161aj\u0101 eksperiment\u0101, ielaida, cik p\u0101r\u0101k daudz sk\u0101bek\u013ca, kas izrais\u012bja priek\u0161laic\u012bgu noveco\u0161anos un \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e v\u012bna.\n<\/p>\n

\nR\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji veseli dabas kor\u0137iem bija vair\u0101k vid\u0113ji, bet starp\u012bba starp paraugiem bija iev\u0113rojams, k\u0101 ar\u012b da\u017eas \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 pudel\u0113m par “garozas slim\u012bbas”.\n<\/p>\n

\nTehniskie kor\u0137i (tas kas \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u2013 t.i., no pres\u0113tas skaidas \u2013 ta\u010du ar visu p\u0101rkl\u0101jumu gar mal\u0101m, apm.\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432.) par\u0101d\u012bja sevi lab\u0101k attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz satik\u0161anos ar sk\u0101bekli, ar vair\u0101k dz\u012bvoklis rezult\u0101tiem un laba sp\u0113ja saglab\u0101t svaigumu v\u012bna. Bet “kor\u0137a” slim\u012bba ” skar ar\u012b vi\u0146us, kaut ar\u012b maz\u0101k\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101.\n<\/p>\n

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\nSkr\u016bvju bija l\u012bderi attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz saglab\u0101t svaiguma jauno v\u012bnu, bet ielaida, cik tik maz sk\u0101bek\u013ca, ka v\u012bna arom\u0101t\u0101 ir biju\u0161as rakstur\u012bgas emisijas samazin\u0101\u0161anas to\u0146os gumijas un rock-cut krama.\n<\/p>\n

\nJ\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113, ka, lai skr\u016bv\u0113jamu v\u0101ci\u0146u apjoms \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e gaisa atkar\u012bgs no materi\u0101la, ko izmanto ar t\u0101m bl\u012bv\u0113m. Visvair\u0101k izplat\u012bti ir divi tipa ar \u013coti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bg\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m.\n<\/p>\n

\nMin\u0113taj\u0101 eksperiment\u0101 tika izmantots fakts, ka ar \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c p\u0101rkl\u0101jumu (pa kreisi att\u0113l\u0101. zem\u0101k). Tie\u0161i t\u0101di tiek sl\u0113gti gandr\u012bz visi v\u012bni Austr\u0101lij\u0101 un jaunz\u0113land\u0113. T\u0101s lai\u017e cauri pavisam maz sk\u0101bek\u013ca.\n<\/p>\n

\nOtrais veids \u2013 ar plastmasas starpliku Saranex (ra\u017eo\u0161anas uz\u0146\u0113mums Dow Chemical) lai\u017e cauri maz\u0101k sk\u0101bek\u013ca, nek\u0101 sint\u0113tiskie kor\u0137i, bet nedaudz vair\u0101k, nek\u0101 veseli dab\u012bgie.\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\nSecin\u0101jums no \u0161\u012b p\u0113t\u012bjuma ir tas, ka jaut\u0101jumi v\u012bna dar\u012b\u0161anas ne tikai posms izlie\u0161anas pudel\u0113s. Apjoms iek\u013c\u016bst zem kor\u0137a gaisa ietekme uz valsts sl\u0113gt\u0101 satura un galu gal\u0101 \u2013 uz gar\u0161u un arom\u0101tu, ko j\u016bs \u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0442\u0435 gl\u0101z\u0113.\n<\/p>\n

\nNav iesp\u0113jams apst\u0101din\u0101t dz\u012bves laik\u0101 v\u012bna, ievietojot to piln\u012bgi necaurlaid\u012bg\u0101 trauk\u0101. V\u012bns vienm\u0113r turpina main\u012bties p\u0113c izlie\u0161anas pudel\u0113s, un t\u0101p\u0113c ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi izv\u0113l\u0113ties veidu kor\u0137i, kas b\u016bs maksim\u0101li atbilstu stilam v\u012bna un nor\u0113\u0137inu termi\u0146iem, t\u0101s pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0160odien no aptuveni 18,3 miljardi ik gadu ra\u017eo pudeles aptuveni 5,7 miljardi aizveras alternat\u012bviem veidiem sastr\u0113gumu. V\u012bndari tagad piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bbu jaut\u0101jumam piek\u013cuves sk\u0101bek\u013ca pudeles, t\u0101s ietekmei uz \u0137\u012bmiju vaina, ja \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 un v\u0113l\u0101k uzglab\u0101\u0161ana. Bet ra\u017eot\u0101ji dabas c\u012bnoties visiem sp\u0113kiem cen\u0161as samazin\u0101t procentu boj\u0101\u0161an\u0101s v\u012bna no “kor\u0137a slim\u012bbas”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nav ska\u0146as, ir \u013coti aizraujo\u0161i, saprotu. Bet tie\u0161i \u0161eit, iesp\u0113jams, ir noticis noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kos sasniegumus p\u0113d\u0113jo gadu desmitu c\u012b\u0146\u0101 par v\u012bna kvalit\u0101ti. Pirms 20…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saistita-informacija"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6148"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6148\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}