{"id":6127,"date":"2020-01-12T22:45:23","date_gmt":"2020-01-12T19:45:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/aromati-garsas-un-vecums\/"},"modified":"2020-01-12T22:45:23","modified_gmt":"2020-01-12T19:45:23","slug":"aromati-garsas-un-vecums","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/aromati-garsas-un-vecums\/","title":{"rendered":"Arom\u0101ti, gar\u0161as un vecums"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"cite\">\n Sirmie mati un grumbas \u2013 neizb\u0113gama vecuma paz\u012bmes. Un k\u0101 ietekm\u0113 laiku m\u016bsu saj\u016btas, o\u017eas un gar\u0161as? Elin Mccoy paver aizkara zin\u0101tnes un uzzina, k\u0101 dar\u012bt t\u0101, lai v\u012bns nav \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e sag\u0101d\u0101t mums prieku.\n <\/p>\n<p>         <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2d1be65a7c740729a3fad7f4764e67e1.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\nKad vi\u0146ai aprit\u0113ja 60, Joe Diaz \u2013 kalifornijas \u017eurn\u0101liste, raksto\u0161ais par v\u012bnu \u2013 s\u0101ku paman\u012bt, ka t\u0101s uztver arom\u0101tu laik\u0101 v\u012bna degust\u0101cijas ir k\u013cuvis main\u012bties. Tagad vi\u0146ai 68, un vi\u0146ai nepiecie\u0161ams vair\u0101k laika, lai atpaz\u012btu sast\u0101vda\u013cas v\u012bna arom\u0101ta. &#8220;Tagad man ir nepiecie\u0161ams, reizes piecas atlaist gl\u0101zi, lai uztvertu to, ko agr\u0101k \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c ar vienu vien\u012bgu elpas vilcienu. Toties baudu no procesa, ir k\u013cuvis vair\u0101k,&#8221; vi\u0146a saka.\n <\/p>\n<p>\nMums gribas tic\u0113t, ka prieku no v\u012bna gl\u0101zes b\u016bs pieejams mums jebkur\u0101 vecum\u0101. Jo m\u016bsu prasmes, k\u0101 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 ar laiku k\u013c\u016bst tikai lab\u0101ks, vai ne t\u0101?\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAr vecumu mati izkr\u012bt, uz \u0101das rodas grumbas, bet redze un dzirde bie\u017ei k\u013c\u016bst slikt\u0101k, vai ir v\u0113rts br\u012bn\u012bties, ka sp\u0113ja uztvert gar\u0161as un arom\u0101ta ar\u012b samazin\u0101s?\n<\/p>\n<p>\nJa var tic\u0113t p\u0113t\u012bjumiem, tad da\u013ca no mums ir paveicies, lai saglab\u0101tu liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca sp\u0113jas, kas ir tagad, p\u0101r\u0113jiem sp\u0113ks uztveres iet pa sl\u012bpi. \u0160ie procesi ir \u013coti individu\u0101li, un, pak\u0101peniski samazinot jut\u012bba ne vienm\u0113r ir ac\u012bmredzama.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPar saj\u016btu smaku (smar\u017eu) un gaumes ir atbild\u012bgi da\u017e\u0101di organisma sist\u0113mas. Katrai no t\u0101m ir savas pumpuri, un neironu savienojumus. Bet ir gr\u016bti izcelt ieguld\u012bjumu vien\u0101 vai otr\u0101 sist\u0113mu visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s uztveres vaina, \u2013 sakar\u0101 ar to, ka smar\u017eas, gar\u0161as un taustes saj\u016btas mut\u0113 \u013coti savijas.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">\nCilv\u0113ks izj\u016bt <strong>5 galven\u0101s gaumei<\/strong>: salda, sk\u0101ba, r\u016bgta, s\u0101\u013ca un t\u0101 saukto gar\u0161u &#8220;pr\u0101tiem&#8221; (&#8220;ga\u013cas&#8221; gar\u0161u \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, jo \u012bpa\u0161i \u2013 glutam\u0101ta, n\u0101trija, popul\u0101ro uztura bag\u0101tin\u0101t\u0101ju).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPar piekto gar\u0161u pr\u0101tus \u2013 str\u012bdus l\u012bdz \u0161im nav pieklusa, lai gan t\u0101s esam\u012bbu ofici\u0101li atz\u012bts, sakar\u0101 ar noteiktu atsevi\u0161\u0137u receptoru, kas atbild par vi\u0146a uztveri.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nKatram no mums var saskait\u012bt l\u012bdz 10 000 gar\u0161as s\u012bpolu, \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e uzsvaru liekot uz m\u0113les, vaigu iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s virsmas, debes\u012bs un balsenes. Katra gar\u0161as s\u012bpols satur specializ\u0113tu receptoru \u0161\u016bnas, kas iesniedz sign\u0101lus uz smadzen\u0113m.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nM\u0113s esam sp\u0113j\u012bgi uztvert desmitiem t\u016bksto\u0161iem da\u017e\u0101du smar\u017eu, uztverot tos caur sare\u017e\u0123\u012bts meh\u0101nisms, darbs, kas var b\u016bt viegli boj\u0101ts.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nK\u0101 tas viss darbojas, bija nosl\u0113pums l\u012bdz s\u0101kumam 1990\u0445, kad doktors Ri\u010dards Aksels un Linda Tvertne, kas ir ieguvu\u0161i kop\u012bgu nobela pr\u0113miju 2004. gad\u0101 par savu p\u0113t\u012bjumu, ir aprakst\u012bts meh\u0101nisms, kas nodro\u0161ina m\u016bsu o\u017eu. T\u0101s priek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 robe\u017ea \u2013 350 aroma-receptoriem, kas atrodas aug\u0161\u0113j\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 deguna blakusdobumu.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nArom\u0101tisko savienojumu ir t\u016bksto\u0161iem, un tikai vienas molekulas, lai izmantotu vienu vai vair\u0101kus \u043e\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 (kas saist\u012bti ar smaku) receptoriem.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nJut\u012bba pret smar\u017e\u0101m stipri at\u0161\u0137iras no cilv\u0113ka uz cilv\u0113ku, jo vilt\u012bb\u0101m fiziolo\u0123iskaj\u0101m \u012bpatn\u012bb\u0101m. T\u0101, da\u013ca cilv\u0113ku ir &#8220;akli&#8221; uz noteiktiem savienojumiem, piem\u0113ram, nej\u016bt \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b (defekts kor\u0137a). <\/p>\n<h3>\nKad aiziet j\u016btas<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0160odien jau ir zin\u0101ms, ka o\u017eas sp\u0113jas samazin\u0101juma akt\u012bv\u0101k, nek\u0101 gar\u0161as. Gar\u0161as saj\u016btas \u2013 viena no stabil\u0101kaj\u0101m m\u016bsu saj\u016btas.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">\nPirmais m\u016bs s\u0101k pamest gar\u0161a r\u016bgta. <\/p>\n<p>V\u012brie\u0161iem t\u0101 mazin\u0101s pak\u0101peniski visas dz\u012bves garum\u0101, sieviet\u0113m tas s\u0101kas menopauzes. Lai gan da\u017ei p\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka sp\u0113ja sajust s\u0101l\u012bta samazin\u0101j\u0101s sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101ka, nek\u0101 saj\u016bta r\u016bgto un saldo.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nKas attiecas uz o\u017eu, tad p\u0113t\u012bjumi ASV liecina, ka 30% amerik\u0101\u0146u vecum\u0101 no 70-80 gadiem un aptuveni tre\u0161da\u013ca vecum\u0101 no 80 gadiem un vec\u0101ki ir ar to probl\u0113mas. Bet 2002. gad\u0101 pasliktin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s o\u017eas bija v\u0113rojams pie 62,5% no testa jaut\u0101jumiem vecum\u0101 80-97 gadiem. Bet, cik pasliktin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s sv\u0101rst\u0101s \u013coti pla\u0161\u0101s robe\u017e\u0101s.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPasliktin\u0101s, pirmk\u0101rt, m\u016bsu sp\u0113ja at\u0161\u0137irt smar\u017eas sav\u0101 starp\u0101, pie tam jut\u012bba pret atsevi\u0161\u0137iem savienojumiem samazin\u0101s \u013coti individu\u0101li.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIr daudz teoriju par to, k\u0101p\u0113c ar vecumu notrulin\u0101s saj\u016btas, o\u017eas un gar\u0161as.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nApk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s vides pies\u0101r\u0146ojums, piem\u0113ram, lieliski iedarbojas uz m\u016bsu ma\u0146u org\u0101niem. Diab\u0113ts, iekaisums g\u013cot\u0101das, ausu infekcijas un v\u012brusi tipa hepat\u012bts un gripa ir b\u016btiska loma, lai samazin\u0101tu ma\u0146u uz\u0146\u0113m\u012bbu, jo n\u0101ves \u0161\u016bnu un \u0113stgribas re\u0123ener\u0101cijas o\u017eas receptoriem.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nDaudzi faktori ietekm\u0113 ar\u012b gar\u0161u un smar\u017eu. Siekalas sp\u0113l\u0113 milz\u012bgu lomu, saj\u016bta, gar\u0161a, t\u0101p\u0113c medikamentu lieto\u0161ana, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 muti, sp\u0113j iev\u0113rojami main\u012bt savu gar\u0161as att\u0113lu. Bet p\u0101r\u0101k liels alkohola saturs var izrais\u012bt kairin\u0101jumu gar\u0161as s\u012bpolu un reiz\u0113 apspiest jut\u012bba pret arom\u0101tiem.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">\nZin\u0101ms ar\u012b, ka sitiens ar galvu sp\u0113j izz\u0101\u0123\u0113t o\u017eu.<\/p>\n<p>Britu veter\u0101ns v\u012bna tirdzniec\u012bbas Harijs Laik\u0101 (Harry Waugh) uz savas 80 gadu laik\u0101 ir bijis akt\u012bvs \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, kam\u0113r nav nok\u013cuvis auto av\u0101rij\u0101, p\u0113c kuras, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 sitiena ar galvu, ir zaud\u0113jis savu o\u017eu. Kop\u0161 t\u0101 laika vi\u0146\u0161 pa\u013c\u0101v\u0101s dr\u012bz\u0101k gar\u0161as un taustes saj\u016btas mut\u0113, nek\u0101 uz v\u012bna arom\u0101ts.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nKad le\u0123end\u0101rais amerik\u0101\u0146u v\u012bna kriti\u0137is Roberts P\u0101rkers sasita galvu, kr\u012btot ar velosip\u0113du, 2002, vi\u0146\u0161 steidz\u0101s m\u0101j\u0101s, lai nekav\u0113joties ieliet sev gl\u0101zi v\u012bna un p\u0101rliecin\u0101ties, ka vi\u0146a o\u017ea nav cietis.\n<\/p>\n<h2>Saj\u016btu atmi\u0146a<\/h2>\n<p>\nAt\u0161\u0137irt arom\u0101tus mums ar\u012b pal\u012bdz m\u016bsu atmi\u0146a. <\/p>\n<p>2011. gad\u0101 grupa \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 Universit\u0101tes Claude Bernard (Leon, Francija) veica p\u0113t\u012bjumu starp perfumers, kas liecin\u0101ja, ka sp\u0113ju at\u0161\u0137irt t\u016bksto\u0161iem da\u017e\u0101du smar\u017eu, ir atkar\u012bgs no treni\u0146iem. Zin\u0101tnieku komanda sal\u012bdzin\u0101ja liec\u012bbas ir smadze\u0146u aktivit\u0101tes ies\u0101c\u0113ju un pieredz\u0113ju\u0161u speci\u0101listu (l\u012bdz 35 gadu profesij\u0101) testa laik\u0101 uz atpaz\u012b\u0161ana desmitiem smakas. R\u0101d\u012bt\u0101ji testa ab\u0101m grup\u0101m bija labi, bet vair\u0101k pieredz\u0113ju\u0161i bija \u0101tr\u0101k un prec\u012bz\u0101k, un vi\u0146iem bija akt\u012bvi iesaist\u012bjies cita smadze\u0146u da\u013ca \u2013 t\u0101, kas atbild par atmi\u0146u.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">\nProfesion\u0101\u013ci pasaules v\u012bni var kompens\u0113t samazinot sp\u0113ju atpaz\u012bt arom\u0101ta nianses bag\u0101tu pieredzi degust\u0101ciju un uzkr\u0101tajiem atmi\u0146\u0101 deta\u013c\u0101m.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n73 gadus vecais \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0446 Dan Berger jau 40 gadus raksta par v\u012bniem un l\u012bdz \u0161im organiz\u0113 un ties\u0101 v\u012bna sacens\u012bbas. Vi\u0146\u0161 ir p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts, ka vi\u0146a gar\u0161as atmi\u0146a tagad dod vi\u0146am iesp\u0113jas, piem\u0113ram, nekad agr\u0101k, pateicoties lielam skaitam v\u012bniem, kurus vi\u0146\u0161 m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ja no jaun\u012bbas.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTas ir tas, k\u0101da vecuma var sp\u0113l\u0113t pozit\u012bvu lomu sp\u0113ja m\u016bsu smadzenes apstr\u0101d\u0101t inform\u0101ciju par gaumi un smar\u017e\u0101m.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBergers st\u0101sta, ka v\u012bna kriti\u0137is Roberts \u0411\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0440 (Robert Balzer) izbeidzis tiesne\u0161a praksi vecum\u0101 95 gadus \u2013 un ne no zaud\u0113jumu j\u016bt\u012bgumu, bet no t\u0101, ka bija p\u0101r\u0101k l\u0113ns. Bet le\u0123enda v\u012bna \u041c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e (Kalifornija) J\u0101nis \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0447\u0438, mirusi pag\u0101ju\u0161aj\u0101 gad\u0101, l\u016bdza \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0430 vien\u0101 no sacens\u012bbu izsl\u0113gt vi\u0146u no sast\u0101va \u017e\u016brijas sarkanv\u012bniem, kad vi\u0146am aprit\u0113ja 87, jo nol\u0113mu, ka nevar nov\u0113rt\u0113t sarkanv\u012bns ar biju\u0161o precizit\u0101ti, lai gan ar baltiem vi\u0146\u0161 tika gal\u0101 joproj\u0101m ir labs.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nDr. Linda \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a (Linda Bartoshuk) no Floridas Universit\u0101tes saka, ka zaud\u0113jumi nav tik briesm\u012bga, lai gan pie vi\u0146iem ir gr\u016bti pierast. Vi\u0146a nor\u0101da, ka m\u016bsu smadzen\u0113s var veidoties jaunas komunik\u0101cijas. D\u017eo Diaz, piem\u0113ram, vecum\u0101 s\u0101ka dot priek\u0161roku \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 balto v\u012bnu, piem\u0113ram, \u0412\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044c\u0435 un \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0441.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">\nUn tie\u0161i t\u0101pat, k\u0101 da\u017ei atl\u0113ti un savos 70 sp\u0113j noskriet maratonu, ir degust\u0113t\u0101ju, saglab\u0101 sp\u0113ju nov\u0113rt\u0113t galvenie parametri v\u012bna l\u012bdz sirmam vecumam.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nLabs v\u012bnzi\u0146u cien\u012bjam\u0101 vecum\u0101 var b\u016bt pat vair\u0101k nek\u0101 sp\u0113j rast to\u0146os, nek\u0101 parasts cilv\u0113ks pusm\u016b\u017ea.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nEs atceros vakari\u0146as Napa Valley, ar slavens kolekcion\u0101rs Barney \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c, kuram bija jau stipri par 70: vi\u0146\u0161 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b degunu pie galda, bet s\u0101kusies, kad st\u0101v pie gl\u0101z\u0113 ielej \u013coti interesants v\u012bns.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nDiezgan daudzi ne tik jaunie ra\u017eot\u0101ji, import\u0113t\u0101ji, \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b un v\u012bnzi\u0146u turpina izmantot savu degunu un muti, lai pie\u0146emtu galvenos l\u0113mumus par v\u012bniem. \u0160is fakts ir p\u0101rliecin\u0101t noveco\u0161an\u0101s v\u012bna cien\u012bt\u0101jiem ir t\u0101, ka vi\u0146i var turpin\u0101t pa\u013cauties uz savu viedokli par to vai citu vainas d\u0113\u013c.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nDa\u013c\u0113ji \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0443, kas ir galvenais v\u012bnog\u0101m kalifornijas Ridge Vineyards, \u0161ogad aprit\u0113s 79, un vi\u0146a vad\u012bb\u0101 tiek ra\u017eoti vieni no lab\u0101kajiem v\u012bniem valst\u012b kop\u0161 1968. gada. Vi\u0146\u0161 atz\u012bst, ka sp\u0113j saglab\u0101t t\u012br\u012bbu uztveres tikai uz pirmajiem 4-6 paraugos k\u0101rtas. &#8220;\u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 es joproj\u0101m varu b\u016bt p\u0101rliecin\u0101ts savos v\u0113rt\u0113jumos,&#8221; vi\u0146\u0161 saka.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nProtams, vi\u0146\u0161 regul\u0101ri r\u012bko nov\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas degust\u0101cijas. Masta gala v\u012bna d\u0101rzus saimniec\u012bbas Lytton Springs un Monte Bello \u2013 daudz gabalu, t\u0101p\u0113c degust\u0101cijas, rakstot \u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 prasa smalk\u0101 \u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c\u044f. Un Gr\u012bdas joproj\u0101m tiek liet\u0101s. &#8220;Kad es k\u013c\u016b\u0161u nav sp\u0113j\u012bgs \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c un sajust gar\u0161u, es t\u016bl\u012bt aizie\u0161u, \u2013 vi\u0146\u0161 teica, \u2013 bet \u0161is br\u012bdis v\u0113l nav pien\u0101cis!&#8221; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sirmie mati un grumbas \u2013 neizb\u0113gama vecuma paz\u012bmes. Un k\u0101 ietekm\u0113 laiku m\u016bsu saj\u016btas, o\u017eas un gar\u0161as? Elin Mccoy paver aizkara zin\u0101tnes un&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saistita-informacija"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6127\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}