{"id":6394,"date":"2020-01-13T00:56:24","date_gmt":"2020-01-12T21:56:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/chemija-vyno-i-butylke-ir-nauji-kamsciai\/"},"modified":"2020-01-13T00:56:24","modified_gmt":"2020-01-12T21:56:24","slug":"chemija-vyno-i-butylke-ir-nauji-kamsciai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/chemija-vyno-i-butylke-ir-nauji-kamsciai\/","title":{"rendered":"Chemija vyno \u012f \u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435 ir nauji kam\u0161\u010diai"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Neatrodo labai jaudinantis, suprantu. Bet b\u016btent \u010dia, ko gero, patyr\u0117 labiausiai svarbi\u0173 atradim\u0173 pastaruosius de\u0161imtme\u010dius kovoje d\u0117l vyno kokyb\u0117s.\n <\/p>\n

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\nPrie\u0161 20 met\u0173 j\u016bs nat\u016bralios kam\u0161tis buvo beveik monopolija \u017einiasklaidos \u0443\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 vyno butelius. Ir ji kent\u0117 vidin\u0119 vienatv\u0119 su \u0161iuo \u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e, jei atvirai. Vis\u0173 pirma, australai buvo atsibodo su problemomis \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438: vertinimas svyravo, bet apskritai, iki 10% vyn\u0173 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 buvo \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b d\u0117l „\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 ligos ar ankstyvos \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 d\u0117l problem\u0173 su juo pa\u010diu. Problema ie\u0161kos alternatyv\u0173 stov\u0117jo labai skubiai.\n<\/p>\n

\nPirmiausia prad\u0117jo bandyti kam\u0161\u010dius i\u0161 plastiko.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 pirmos kartos \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c naudojant liejimo ir labai \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0161iuolaikin\u0117s \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430\u043c. Nepaisant tr\u016bkum\u0173 (viena i\u0161 kuri\u0173 buvo sunku su i\u0161imdami i\u0161 buteliuko), tie kam\u0161\u010diai pasiek\u0117 kuklus, bet s\u0117km\u0117s viduryje 1990\u0445.\n<\/p>\n

\nKit\u0173 pagrindini\u0173 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c pakeitimo tapo \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f dangtelis. Jos steng\u0117si \u012fgyvendinti Australijoje dar 1970\u0445, bet jis nesuprato, ir bandymas \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c.\n<\/p>\n

\nKitas po\u017ei\u016bris \u012f \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u012fvyko 1999\u043c, kai gamintojas Orlando nusprend\u0117 u\u017edaryti savo \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433 kaip tradicin\u0117s kam\u0161\u010diu, taip ir gnybt\u0173 dangteliu. Galiausiai pardavimo \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 buteli\u0173 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 tradiciniai. Ir tada 2000\u043c keletas gamintoj\u0173 i\u0161 Clare Valley, susivienijo ir \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c i\u0161leido savo \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0438 laikiklis su dangteliu, \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432 tai didelis \u0448\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0439 \u017dINIASKLAIDOJE.\n<\/p>\n

\nI\u0161 paskos \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b Naujosios Zelandijos, taip pat nuskub\u0117jo \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c savo \u0161vie\u017ei \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 dangteliais.\n<\/p>\n

\nTaip, mes apie moksl\u0105.\n<\/p>\n

\nTada visi buvo id\u0117ja, kad vaidmuo kam\u0161\u010diai \u2013 \u012fjungti butel\u012f, kad ne \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a oras ir ne \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e vynas. Ko ne \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e, kad tai suprasti t\u0105 vaidmen\u012f, kur\u012f vaidina eil\u0119 \u012f kreipim\u0105si \u012f butel\u012f mikro dozes, deguonies ir didel\u012f poveik\u012f paskutinio b\u016bkl\u0119 ir pl\u0117tr\u0105 vyno \u012f \u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435.\n<\/p>\n

\n Pradininkas mokslini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 \u0161ia tema tapo Australijos Institutas mokslini\u0173 Tyrim\u0173 Vyno (AWRI), \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 visiems akis, kad stebuklus vyno chemija \u012f u\u017edar\u0105 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435.\n<\/p>\n

\nTyrime \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e tas pats vynas \u2013 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u012f \u0434\u0443\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0439\u043e\u043d 1999 met\u0173 nuo Clare Valley \u2013 u\u017edaroji 14 \u012fvairi\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 transporto kam\u0161\u010di\u0173. Visi buteliai vyko bandymai skonis ir in vitro per vienod\u0105 laiko intervalais. Trumpai tariant, esm\u0117 tokia: sintetinis kam\u0161\u010dius, panaudotus \u0161iame eksperimentas, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 per daug deguonies, kad \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e prie \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e ir \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e vyno.\n<\/p>\n

\nRodikliai \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 nat\u016brali\u0173 transporto kam\u0161\u010di\u0173 buvo geriau vidutini\u0161kai, bet i\u0161sklaidysiu tarp m\u0117giniai buvo didelis, plius kelet\u0105 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 buteli\u0173 d\u0117l „\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 ligos”.\n<\/p>\n

\nTechniniai kam\u0161\u010diai (tai kad \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u2013 t. y. i\u0161 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 trupinius \u2013 bet su \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 i\u0161 kra\u0161to ma\u017edaug.\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432.) parod\u0117 save geriau po\u017ei\u016briu praleisti deguonies, daugiau \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 rezultatais ir gera, sugeba i\u0161laikyti \u0161vie\u017eumo vyno. Ta\u010diau „\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f liga” \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c j\u0173 per daug, nors ir ma\u017eesniu mastu.\n<\/p>\n

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\nVar\u017etin\u0117s pasirod\u0117 lyderiais po\u017ei\u016briu i\u0161saugoti \u0161vie\u017ei\u0105 jauno vyno, bet \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 tiek ma\u017eai deguonies, kad \u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 vyno pergyveno b\u016bdingos \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 pilki gumos ir \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044f.\n<\/p>\n

\nPa\u017eym\u0117tina, kad \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 dang\u010di\u0173 apimtis \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e oro priklauso nuo med\u017eiag\u0173 naudojam\u0173 su jais \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a. Labiausiai paplit\u0119 du j\u0173 tipo su labai skirtingomis savyb\u0117mis.\n<\/p>\n

\nMin\u0117toje eksperimentas buvo tas, kad su \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c danga (kair\u0117je pav. \u017eemiau). B\u016btent tokiomis u\u017edaromos beveik visos vyno Australijos ir Naujosios Zelandijos. Jie nepastebi visai ma\u017eai deguonies.\n<\/p>\n

\nAntrasis tipas \u2013 su polimer\u0173 tiesim\u0105 Saranex (gamybos bendrov\u0117 ” Dow Chemical) praleid\u017eia ma\u017eiau deguonies, nei sintetiniai kam\u0161\u010dius, bet \u0161iek tiek daugiau, nei \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 nat\u016bral\u016bs.\n<\/p>\n

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\nI\u0161vada i\u0161 \u0161io tyrimo yra tai, kad klausimai \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f ne tik etapas \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. Apimtis \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e po var\u017et\u0105 oro daro \u012ftak\u0105 valstyb\u0117s u\u017edaras turinio ir galiausiai \u2013 skonis ir kvapas to, kad j\u016bs \u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u012f stikl\u0105.\n<\/p>\n

\nNe\u012fmanoma sustabdyti laik\u0105, vyno, \u012fd\u0117ti j\u012f \u012f visi\u0161kai si\u016bl\u0117 ind\u0105. Vynas visada ir toliau keistis po \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, ir tod\u0117l yra labai svarbu nuspr\u0119sti, kokio tipo kam\u0161tis, kuris bus maksimaliai suderinti stili\u0173, vyno ir \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 termin\u0105 jo vartojimo.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0160iandien i\u0161 ma\u017edaug 18,3 mlrd. lit\u0173 kasmet i\u0161leid\u017eiam\u0173 butelius apie 5,7 mlrd u\u017edaromos alternatyvi\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 transporto kam\u0161\u010di\u0173. \u0412\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b dabar skirti d\u0117mes\u012f klausimu naudotis deguonies butelis, jo \u012ftak\u0105 \u012f \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044e vyno, kai \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 ir toliau saugoti. O gamintojai nat\u016brali\u0173 transporto kam\u0161\u010di\u0173 visomis j\u0117gomis stengiasi suma\u017einti procentas platintojus i\u0161 defacing vyno i\u0161 „\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 ligos”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neatrodo labai jaudinantis, suprantu. Bet b\u016btent \u010dia, ko gero, patyr\u0117 labiausiai svarbi\u0173 atradim\u0173 pastaruosius de\u0161imtme\u010dius kovoje d\u0117l vyno kokyb\u0117s. Prie\u0161 20 met\u0173 j\u016bs…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-susijusi-informacija"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6394","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6394"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6394\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}