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<\/p>\n\n Podle Jamie Kla\u010fas (Jamie Goode), popul\u00e1rn\u00ed u mnoha sommelier term\u00edn „\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c“ v popisu v\u00edna posledn\u00ed dob\u011b st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji kritizov\u00e1ny jako sporn\u00e9 a \u0434\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439.
\nM\u016f\u017eete mluvit o tom, \u017ee vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou vzaty popsat jako „\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c“ v\u00edna, jsou relevantn\u00ed a miner\u00e1l\u016f? A \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 se, zda se n\u011bco o schopnost v\u00edna na del\u0161\u00ed v\u00fd\u0148atku?\n<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\nV \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 pozn\u00e1mk\u00e1ch tento pojem \u2013 relativn\u00ed nov\u00e1\u010dek. Takov\u00e1 charakteristika se stala objevit pouze v 1980\u0445, p\u0159edt\u00edm ji nikdo nepou\u017eil. Od t\u00e9 doby slovo pevn\u011b vstoupil lexikon \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, ale v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nad\u0161en\u00ed v jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
\nPrvn\u00ed<\/u>: u tohoto term\u00ednu nen\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 definice. R\u016fzn\u00ed lid\u00e9 ch\u00e1pou jeho r\u016fzn\u011b a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k popisu r\u016fzn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed v\u00edna. To n\u00e1zorn\u011b uk\u00e1zal experiment, proveden\u00fd \u0416\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c (Jordi Ballester) v Dijonu, b\u011bhem nich\u017e byl vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto term\u00ednu profesion\u00e1ly.\n<\/p>\n
\nDruh\u00e9<\/u>: samotn\u00e1 my\u0161lenka, \u017ee miner\u00e1ly mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159evzaty pergola z p\u016fdy a vliv pak na chu\u0165 r\u00e9vy (v\u00edna), podrobena v\u011bdeck\u00e9 kritice. Tj., podle biolog\u016f, je v podstat\u011b nemo\u017en\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n
\n Ale…\n <\/p>\n
\nVelmi se mi l\u00edb\u00ed tento term\u00edn. A j\u00e1 chci, aby \u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 p\u0159edpoklad: mo\u017en\u00e1, po tom v\u0161em, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi „\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e“ v\u00edna a jeho \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e? A to je docela odv\u00e1\u017en\u011b: nem\u016f\u017ee u\u017e druh\u00fd b\u00fdt d\u016fsledkem prvn\u00edho? P\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e jsem \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0441\u044c ve sv\u00e9 hereze, pod\u00edvejme se na podstatu probl\u00e9mu.\n<\/p>\n
Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd konsensus je v tom, \u017ee slo\u017een\u00ed p\u016fdy vliv na kvalitu v\u00edna jen t\u00edm, v jak\u00e9m re\u017eimu r\u00e9va dostane vodu. Podle t\u00e9to p\u0159edstavy, v perfektn\u00edm vinici u vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9vy je dost vody, ale ne v p\u0159ebytku, a r\u00e9va se v ty spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 chv\u00edle za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mikro-zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, spojen\u00e9 s nedostatkem pit\u00ed. Podle t\u00e9to teorie, chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed p\u016fdy, v\u00fdznam nem\u00e1.\n<\/p>\n
\nAle podle n\u00e1zoru mnoha p\u011bstitel\u016fm, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je nejen dostupnost re\u017eim vlhkosti v p\u016fd\u011b, ale i chemie jeho vrstev. Typ p\u016fdy hraje roli, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed mimo jej\u00ed dren\u00e1\u017en\u00ed vlastnosti. Z hlediska botaniky, nen\u00ed vylou\u010deno, \u017ee miner\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed p\u016fdy, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 a nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na kytici v\u00edna.\n<\/p>\n
\nP\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u2013 na \u00fakor miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 ko\u0159eny z p\u016fdy a jak se v bobule a, respektive, na v\u00edno. Nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee tento \u00fa\u010dinek je patrn\u00fd v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u2013 proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina iont\u016f miner\u00e1l\u016f jsou bez z\u00e1pachu a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemaj\u00ed chu\u0165 \u2013 ale p\u0159esto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.\n<\/p>\n
\nVe skute\u010dnosti, tam je d\u016fkaz, \u017ee typ (slo\u017een\u00ed) p\u016fdy m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv na chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed v\u00edna.
\nV roce 2000 n\u011bmeck\u00fd botanik Andreas Peuke p\u011bstuje r\u00e9va ryzlink r\u00fdnsk\u00fd do hrnce s t\u0159emi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy p\u016fdy s \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 vinic: loess, \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 v\u00e1penec a \u043a\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0435\u0440. Po shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu ze stonk\u016f r\u00e9vy, str\u00e1vil jejich chemick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy a zjistil rozd\u00edly ve slo\u017een\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
\nSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee to nen\u00ed nejv\u00edce vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed studie na toto t\u00e9ma. Ale ukazuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost toho, o \u010dem mluv\u00edme.\n<\/p>\n
\nNep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vlivu miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek (jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost nebo nep\u0159\u00edtomnost) na v\u00fdraz gen\u016f rostliny, co\u017e vede k \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 tvorb\u011b aromatick\u00fdch slou\u010denin a jejich prekurzor\u016f (v\u00fdchoz\u00edch l\u00e1tek) na ovoce hrozn\u016f.\n<\/p>\n
\nKrom\u011b toho, chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed mladiny m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na pr\u00e1ci kvasinek a bakteri\u00ed p\u0159i kva\u0161en\u00ed, m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u016fb\u011bh a proporce v\u00fdrob\u011b mikroorganismy aromatick\u00fdch slou\u010denin.\n<\/p>\n
\nP\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st miner\u00e1ln\u00edch slo\u017eek p\u016fdy vznik\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku rozkladu organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, a ne zni\u010den\u00ed kamen\u016f \ud83d\ude42 Za schopnost p\u016fdy rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 na ionty miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 mohou j\u00edst rostliny, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 \u010dinnost \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v n\u00ed mikroorganismy.\n<\/p>\n
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\nTo je obvykle pocit, v b\u00edl\u00fdch v\u00ednech.<\/p>\n
\nZdroj miner\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek \u2013 nebo „\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e“ \u2013 t\u00f3n p\u016fsob\u00ed, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee t\u011bkav\u00e9 sirn\u00e9 slou\u010deniny produkovan\u00e9 p\u0159i kvasinkami b\u011bhem kva\u0161en\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
\nKlasick\u00fd t\u00f3n „\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e pazourek“ nebo z\u00e1palek, vlastn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e1 v\u00edna Burgundska (zejm\u00e9na Chablis), je ve skute\u010dnosti docela atraktivn\u00ed. V\u00fdrobci chardonnay po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b nevad\u00ed zopakovat jej ve sv\u00fdch v\u00ednech.\n<\/p>\n
\nJeden (nejv\u00edce kontroverzn\u00ed) je spojena s vysokou kyselost b\u00edl\u00e9ho v\u00edna. Mnoz\u00ed s lehkost\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed posudek „miner\u00e1ln\u00ed“ jasn\u00fd acid b\u00edl\u00e1 v\u00edna, zat\u00edmco pr\u00e1v\u011b term\u00edn „vysok\u00e1 kyselost“ je zde v\u00edce ne\u017e vhodn\u00e1. Podobn\u00e1 je situace s v\u00edny, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 jako „skalnat\u00e9“.\n<\/p>\n
\nDal\u0161\u00ed \u2013 podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru, neju\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jako charakteristika \u2013 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed druh \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u00e9, kterou c\u00edt\u00edme v miner\u00e1ln\u00ed vod\u011b, jen mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b intenzivn\u00ed. M\u011bla by se sp\u00ed\u0161e vztahuje k popisu „vzory“ v\u00edna.\n<\/p>\n
\nTak\u017ee, zp\u00e1tky k \u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 ot\u00e1zce komunikace „\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438“ v\u00edno a pro jeho schopnost k dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0148atku.\n<\/p>\n
\nSotva budu moci d\u00e1t to p\u0159esn\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed, ale mnoho v\u00edna, kter\u00e9 bych popsal jako v\u00edce miner\u00e1ln\u00ed, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee maj\u00ed mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l k v\u00fd\u0148atku, ne\u017e jejich m\u00e9n\u011b miner\u00e1ln\u00ed bratranci. To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro b\u00edl\u00e1 v\u00edna.\n<\/p>\n
\nJsem se opakovan\u011b setkal s t\u00edm, \u017ee b\u00edl\u00e1 v\u00edna byly v\u00edce odoln\u00e9, ne\u017e od nich o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159ijat\u00fdch hodnocen\u00ed. <\/p>\n
\nV\u011bdeck\u00e1 pozice je takov\u00e1: od \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 b\u00edl\u00e9 v\u00edno je jistota voln\u00fd oxid si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd, \u010demu\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e9 pH (tj. vysok\u00e1 kyselost), proto\u017ee v takov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u00edce oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00e9ho se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v aktivn\u00edm stavu (kyselina sama o sob\u011b nen\u00ed ochranou proti nadm\u011brn\u00e9 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438).\n<\/p>\n
\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b, n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00edna je jasn\u011b \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f z t\u00e9to logiky a projevuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1boj, ne\u017e by se od nich o\u010dek\u00e1vat. Zejm\u00e9na n\u011bkter\u00e9 „eko“, v\u00edna s velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 jsou ve sklep\u011b oxidovat nen\u00ed tak aktivn\u00ed, a v otev\u0159en\u00e9 l\u00e1hvi dlouho udr\u017eet dobrou formu.\n<\/p>\n
\nA tyto trval\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00e1 v\u00edna maj\u00ed v\u00edce „miner\u00e1ln\u00ed“ vlastnosti.\n<\/p>\n
\nJeden ma\u010farsk\u00fd vina\u0159 uk\u00e1zal mi sv\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00e9 v\u00edno z oblasti jezera Balaton. V\u00edna z ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblast\u00ed byly znateln\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438, ne\u017e sousedn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed faktory, krom\u011b \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0430, u nich bylo stejn\u00e9. Podobn\u00e9 okolnosti a nut\u00ed m\u011b v\u011b\u0159it v jak\u00fdsi „ochrann\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek“, produkoval miner\u00e1ln\u00edm slo\u017een\u00edm p\u016fdy.\n<\/p>\n
\nProbl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017eu jasn\u011b popsat mechanismus toho, jak to funguje, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z nedostatku m\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed chemie v\u00edna. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00edno nese je\u0161t\u011b velmi mnoho h\u00e1danek, na kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. <\/p>\n
\n\u010cerven\u00e9 v\u00edno od \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 chr\u00e1n\u00ed a oxid si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd, kter\u00fd se do n\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed, a polyfenoly, kter\u00e9 jsou v n\u011bm obsa\u017eeny. A pokud \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 odvahu b\u00edl\u00e1 v\u00edna, pak je logick\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee a \u010derven\u00e1 taky. Jen pro \u010derven\u00e9 to nen\u00ed tak z\u0159ejm\u00e9, proto\u017ee nejsou tak k\u0159ehk\u00e9 samy o sob\u011b.\n<\/p>\n
\nKomunikace miner\u00e1ln\u00ed charakter v\u00edna a jeho \u0161ance na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed \u2013 pokud v\u016fbec existuje \u2013 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jak jednoduch\u00fd korelaci, a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00fdch z\u00e1vislost\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n
\nKorelace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 „miner\u00e1ln\u00ed“ chu\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu obsahu ve v\u00edn\u011b glutathionu, kter\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edtomen v jin\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, v b\u00edl\u00fdch v\u00ednech a chr\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159ed \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n
\nA m\u016f\u017ee, jde v pocitu ur\u010dit\u00e9ho druhu „textury“, kter\u00e9 zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 v \u00fastech je v\u00edno s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem polyfenol\u016f, \u2013 a v b\u00edl\u00fdch v\u00ednech jsou, kupodivu, mohou vyvolat \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, na rozd\u00edl od \u010derven\u00fdch, kde polyfenoly od n\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed vina\u0159i provedou preventivn\u00ed \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e hroznov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy, jak se zbavit p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fdch polyfenol\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit necht\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e pozd\u011bji, v procesu \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n
\nA\u0165 u\u017e to bylo, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c v\u00edna \u2013 probl\u00e9m je slo\u017eit\u00fd, je st\u00e1le nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 a je to velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Podle Jamie Kla\u010fas (Jamie Goode), popul\u00e1rn\u00ed u mnoha sommelier term\u00edn „\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c“ v popisu v\u00edna posledn\u00ed dob\u011b st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji kritizov\u00e1ny jako sporn\u00e9 a \u0434\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informace"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3154"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3154\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}