{"id":3029,"date":"2020-01-09T12:07:32","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T09:07:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/co-je-to-grand-cru\/"},"modified":"2020-01-09T12:07:32","modified_gmt":"2020-01-09T09:07:32","slug":"co-je-to-grand-cru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/co-je-to-grand-cru\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to Grand cru?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\t\t  <strong>Grand cru<\/strong> (grand cru) v historicky \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c p\u0159ekladu z francouz\u0161tiny znamen\u00e1 &#8222;sklize\u0148 s vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed pozemku&#8220;, kde cru \u2013 participium od slovesa cro\u00eetre \u2013 p\u011bstovat. V anglick\u00e9m grand cru ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem: jako great growth, tj. velk\u00e1 sklize\u0148. Dnes se v\u0161ak v\u00fdznam pojmu Grand cru ve Francii li\u0161\u00ed region od regionu.\n <\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/29ce5c6466439e48127a2a620abe3316.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Burgundsko. Cote D &#8218;Or (C\u00f4te d&#8216; Or)<\/h3>\n<p>\nBurgundy v\u00edna grand cru zam\u011b\u0159uje lv\u00ed pod\u00edl recenz\u00ed a dotaz\u016f v hled\u00e1n\u00ed, i p\u0159es to, \u017ee tato kategorie je m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 2% v\u0161ech v\u00edn regionu.<\/p>\n<p>\nAle to je Burgundsko v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159ijde na mysl v souvislosti s pojmem &#8222;grand cru&#8220;. A mo\u017en\u00e1 zde pochopit tuto klasifikaci jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e kdekoli jinde. I kdy\u017e na pochopen\u00ed slo\u017eitosti u sommelier odch\u00e1zej\u00ed letech.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">\n\u0411\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f klasifikace kak pozice vinice.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nDnes v\u0161echny vinice Burgundska jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jedn\u00e9 hierarchie, na jej\u00edm\u017e vrcholu grand cru, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 cru, pak \u0432\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0436 a jednoduch\u00fd region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044c (Bourgogne) v z\u00e1kladu.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nP\u0159i tomto, v Burgundsku 31 vinici status grand cru a 33 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 stejn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed. Faktem je, \u017ee vinice \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d (Corton) d\u00e1v\u00e1 hrozny pro t\u0159i prot\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432: \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d, \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044c-\u0428\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044c (Corton-Charlemagne) a \u0428\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044c (Charlemagne). A Grand Cru Chablis \u2013 obecn\u011b samostatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, o n\u011bco n\u00ed\u017ee.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nVelikost burgundska vinic grand cru \u2013 od 0,84 ha (2,1 akr, slavn\u00fd La Roman\u00e9e \u2013 monopol Domaine du Comte Liger-Belair) a\u017e 97,5 ha (nebo 241 akr \u2013 vinice Corton). Velikost v\u011bt\u0161iny le\u017e\u00ed v rozmez\u00ed 5-17 ha, ale to nen\u00ed hlavn\u00ed parametr kvality.\n<\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/aa31eef3d35fba6500df01e57803184b.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">La Roman\u00e9e v Burgundsku \u2013 nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d na sv\u011bt\u011b, z vinice o rozloze men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeden hektar.<\/p>\n<p>\nKrom\u011b Chablis, ve zbytku Burgundska ka\u017ed\u00fd grand cru \u2013 to je samostatn\u00fd \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je n\u00e1zev vinice obvykle zastoupena nejv\u00edce patrn\u00fdm n\u00e1pisem na lahvi. Ale bohu\u017eel, u spot\u0159ebitel\u016f nen\u00ed platn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak zjistit na etiket\u011b, v hranic\u00edch jak\u00fd vesnice (-\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c) se nach\u00e1z\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nKo\u0159eny pokladnice klasifikace sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do doby \u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 mnich\u016f, p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed-pry\u010d od Benediktinsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du v roce 1098 v\u00e9st v\u00edce \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e a \u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u017eivot, v\u011bnovat se slu\u017eb\u011b a manu\u00e1lem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, nen\u00ed \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. Do nich benediktin\u016f obd\u011bl\u00e1vali vinice po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed, ale hranice pozemk\u016f \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c sp\u00ed\u0161e z d\u016fvodu vlastnictv\u00ed p\u016fdy, zat\u00edmco d\u00edky \u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c se vyvinula praxe vymezen\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst, pokud jde o kvalitu sklizn\u011b.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV roce 1855, v\u00edce zn\u00e1m\u00e9m zaveden\u00edm klasifikace v\u00edn z Bordeaux, dr. Jules Laval (Jules Lavalle) vydal svou &#8222;\u0422\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044e zlat\u00e9ho svahu Burgundska&#8220; (Plan Topographique of Burgundy&#8217;s C\u00f4te d &#8218; Or) \u2013 podrobn\u00fd pl\u00e1n v\u0161ech vinic z Dijon do \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435.\n<\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/8d0774c5d956de313a966ef4b7e65ece.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">Ilustrace z &#8222;Topografie&#8220; Laval<\/p>\n<p>\nAle i kdy\u017e pr\u00e1ce Laval a tvo\u0159ily z\u00e1klad 400 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, p\u0159edstaven\u00fd v roce 1936, ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci se kvalifikovala nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u00faseky jako T\u00eate de Cuv\u00e9e (\u0422\u044d\u0442 de cuv\u00e9e), \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432 ostatn\u00ed v kategorii Prvn\u00ed, Druh\u00e9 a T\u0159et\u00ed cuv\u00e9e (Premi\u00e8re, Deuxi\u00e8me, Troisi\u00e8me Cuv\u00e9e). Dnes pojem \u0422\u044d\u0442 de cuv\u00e9e n\u00e1m v\u00edce zn\u00e1mo o v\u00edna Champagne, kde se to ozna\u010duje nejn\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (prvn\u00ed) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 frakce.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nA pr\u00e1ce Laval, a klasifikace v\u00edn z Bordeaux roku 1855 div\u00edm, jak se sn\u00edmek aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u016fstatku sil v regionu a jako podklad pro konstrukci budouc\u00ed klasifikaci, ale ocitli na mnoho let vytesan\u00e9 v kameni.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b, \u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f syst\u00e9m \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 bylo r\u00e1mov\u00e1no pouze v roce 1936. Do t\u00e9 doby s 1800\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c jasn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed p\u011bstitel\u016fm a obchoduj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ipraven v\u00ednem \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. V 19\u043c stolet\u00ed v\u00edna Burgundska \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c na z\u00e1klad\u011b pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch cen na v\u00edno z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed regionu (n\u011bkter\u00e9 ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e, ne\u017e je te\u010f), bez zohledn\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f. Diskuse o srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00fdznam \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0430 a zna\u010dky se staly vyv\u00edjet na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20 stolet\u00ed. Klasifikace 1936 odhalila rostouc\u00ed obavy pokro\u010dil\u00e9 p\u011bstitele r\u00e9vy t\u00edm, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdrobky jsou siln\u011b ztr\u00e1c\u00ed v mixu s cizincem sklizn\u011b.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPouze \u0161est vinic ze v\u0161ech grand cru burgundska jsou \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. V d\u016fsledku Francouzsk\u00e9 Revoluce a zaveden\u00ed Z\u00e1kon\u00edku Napoleona, zbytek se uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt sd\u00edleny mezi mnoha vlastn\u00edky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u Clos de \u0412\u0443\u0436\u043e (Clos de Vougeot), d\u0159\u00edve \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c, nyn\u00ed asi 80 host\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed realitn\u00ed investo\u0159i vinic uzav\u00edraj\u00ed kontrakty na \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo pronajmout pronajmout sv\u00e9 pozemky zn\u00e1m\u00fd \u0434\u043e\u043c\u044d\u043d\u0430\u043c, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00edn burgundska pod \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 Grand Cru vyr\u00e1b\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e jedn\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nV Burgundsku, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161ude jinde, ne v\u0161echny v\u00edna grand cru jsou z\u00edsk\u00e1ny jedn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b. To souvis\u00ed jak s rozd\u00edlem v metod\u00e1ch v\u00fdroby v\u00edna, tak i s t\u00edm, \u017ee i v r\u00e1mci n\u011bkolika hektar\u016f jednotliv\u00e9 \u00faseky vinice mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 dren\u00e1\u017en\u00ed vlastnosti, osv\u011btlen\u00ed, slo\u017een\u00ed p\u016fdy, st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a kvalita vinic, \u2013 to v\u0161e se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na vlastnostech plodiny a hotov\u00e9ho v\u00edna.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Chablis<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa rozd\u00edl od zbytku Burgundska stoj\u00ed Chablis, kde je zaveden jednotn\u00fd \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d gran \u0433\u0440\u044e \u2013 Chablis Grand Cru, kter\u00e1 sdru\u017euje sedm jednotliv\u00fdch vinic, tzv. \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430 (climat), kter\u00e9 jsou uvedeny na \u0161t\u00edtku vedle s n\u00e1pisem Grand Cru.\n<\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/f4699aeaa91847e803b97466b3ccfec3.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">Chablis grand cru. Pod uveden\u00edm \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 &#8211; n\u00e1zev vinice (\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430): \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437<\/p>\n<p>\nTento \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 jedin\u00e9 pole r\u00e9vy odr\u016fdy chardonnay celkov\u00e9 rozloze 100 akr\u016f (247 akr\u016f), kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na jiho-z\u00e1padn\u00edm svahu kopce nedaleko m\u011bsta Chablis. Je vyzdoben v roce 1938 a je na vyd\u00e1n\u00ed ne v\u00edce ne\u017e 2% v\u0161ech v\u00edn Chablis.<\/p>\n<h3>Bordeaux<\/h3>\n<p>\nV Bordeaux, koncept grand cru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jinak, ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jednotliv\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed nebo z\u00e1mku, jeho\u017e vinice se nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c kolem hlavn\u00ed budovy, nebo \u2013 \u010dast\u011bji \u2013 jsou rozd\u011bleny na n\u011bkolik rozlo\u017een\u00fd od sebe spiknut\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">\nKlasifikace v Bordeaux \u2013 to je klasifikace majetky (z\u00e1mek).<\/p>\n<p>\nJen dva francouz\u0161t\u00ed regionu \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 klasifikaci na hodnocen\u00ed pracovi\u0161\u0165. Druh\u00fd takov\u00fd region \u2013 Provence.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Saint-Emilion <\/h3>\n<p>\nZde kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slovo \u2013 class\u00e9. Bez tohoto slova je n\u00e1pis Saint-\u00c9milion Grand Cru na etiket\u011b znamen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost v\u00edna na nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dce syst\u00e9m grand cru Saint Emilion. <\/p>\n<p>    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/b2a18912e8c870eb5991163b29553758.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed Grand Cru Saint Emilion<\/p>\n<p>\nU t\u00e9to kategorie nejsou jednotliv\u00e9 sub-z\u00f3n, jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdrobu (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pokud jde o ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnos, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b alkoholu, a povinn\u00e9 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 komise pro ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0430). Tj. ve skute\u010dnosti je to mnohem bl\u00ed\u017ee k pojmu superior v Bordeaux (Bordeaux Sup\u00e9rieur), ne\u017e k ostatn\u00edm grand cru Francie. Stovky v\u00edn v Saint-\u042d\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0435 nesou ozna\u010den\u00ed Grand Cru. To mate nezasv\u011bcen\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nDal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc \u2013 v\u00edna s n\u00e1pisem Grand Cru Classe. Jsou prezentov\u00e1ny dv\u011b podkategorie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Premier Grand Cru Classe s \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 &#8222;A&#8220; (4 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed \u2013 vrchol klasifikace) a &#8222;B&#8220; (14 pracovi\u0161\u0165) <\/li>\n<li> Prost\u011b Grand Cru Classe (64 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/d59b7d247e7e2ae925b59c15da7cb173.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">Vrchol Grand Cru Saint Emilion<\/p>\n<p>\nPosledn\u00ed revizi klasifikace byla v roce 2012 a op\u0159ela je p\u0159edlo\u017eila komise v\u00edn, dobr\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na farmy na trhu, jako \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0443\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 a \u00farovni v\u00fdroby. Pravideln\u00e9 revize m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ne d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e 2022.<\/p>\n<h3>Medoc<\/h3>\n<p>\nV roce 1855 nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00edna \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e podoblast M\u00e9doc plus jedno z podoblast Grave (ch\u00e2teau Haut-Brion) byly se\u0159azeny podle \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 syst\u00e9mu &#8222;grand cru t\u0159\u00edd\u011b&#8220; (Les Grands Crus Class\u00e9s): od prvn\u00ed grand cru (Premiers Grands Crus) do p\u00e1t\u00e9 grand cru (Cinqui\u00e8me Grands Crus). V \u0159ad\u011b prvn\u00ed pak ve\u0161li jen \u010dty\u0159i z\u00e1mku, ke kter\u00fdm teprve v roce 1973 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na je\u0161t\u011b jedna v\u011bc \u2013 \u041c\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043d Rothschild (Mouton Rothschild).\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/08f94ad4548f9f56dd35326ec488994e.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">Prvn\u00ed grand cru t\u0159\u00edda: Margot<\/p>\n<p>\nDnes slovo Grand \u010dasto namo\u010den\u00fd, ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed z tohoto seznamu jako prvn\u00ed cru, druh\u00e1 cru a tak d\u00e1le (angl. First Growth a d\u00e1le a\u017e do P\u00e1t\u00e9 Growth), a v\u0161echna v\u00edna v t\u00e9to klasifikaci obecn\u00fd term\u00edn &#8222;cru t\u0159\u00edd\u011b&#8220; (fr. Crus Class\u00e9s , ing. Classed Growths).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTento syst\u00e9m i nad\u00e1le existovat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u044b\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e, pravideln\u011b provokovat debatu. Od roku 1855 mnoho dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed z \u0159ad cru t\u0159\u00edd\u011b kupovali a prod\u00e1vali pozemky na vinic\u00edch, se m\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i tom sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto v klasifikaci. Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b, chateau Gloria (Ch\u00e2teau Gloria), vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 a rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se od roku 1942 na pozemc\u00edch, zakoupen\u00fdch v\u00fdhradn\u011b u farmy cru t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, ani\u017e by se dostal do jejich seznamu, nehled\u011b na to, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy nelze pova\u017eovat za nov\u00e1\u010dka, ale to v\u00edno je uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n kritiky, a to jak odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farovni Cru Class\u00e9.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nKlasifikace 160-let\u00e9 proml\u010dec\u00ed sotva schopen odr\u00e1\u017eet aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci v regionu. Chateau Lynch-\u0411\u0430\u0436 (Lynch-Bages) \u2013 &#8222;jen&#8220; 5\u010dt grand cru \u2013 se stala mluv\u00ed m\u011bsta jako p\u0159\u00edklad zjevn\u00e9 nesrovnalosti. Jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad \u2013 ch\u00e2teau \u041b\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043d (Lanessan) \u2013 soused \u0413\u0440\u044e\u043e-Larose (Gruaud-Larose), ale p\u0159\u00edmo v zahrani\u010d\u00ed Saint-\u0416\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0435\u043d\u0430. Je to zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed t\u011b\u0161il dostate\u010dnou pov\u011bst (a m\u00e1 dodnes), aby n\u00e1rok na za\u0159azen\u00ed do klasifikace, ale v roce 1855 majitel pokl\u00e1dal za jej\u00ed vznik byrokratick\u00e9 hlouposti a nen\u00ed pod\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dost.\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/b2451d02a9c0703458069ed069eb708b.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\nKrom\u011b precedens s \u041c\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043d Rothschild, klasifikace roku 1855 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 zm\u011bny pouze se zmizen\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch (nap\u0159\u00edklad Ch\u00e2teau Dubignon z 3x grand cru).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTo v\u0161e vede k tomu, \u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 kritiky, sommeli\u00e9r, vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako v\u00edno burze Liv-Ex tvo\u0159\u00ed vlastn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 z\u00e1mku.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Grave a Sauternes<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0421\u0443\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d Grave (Graves), obecn\u011b se vyh\u00fdbal diskusi o \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 grand cru. V roce 1959 se zde zalo\u017eili svou, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e, klasifikaci b\u00edl\u00fdch a \u010derven\u00fdch v\u00edn, v n\u00ed\u017e je 16 dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed tvo\u0159ily jedinou kategorii &#8222;cru t\u0159\u00edd\u011b&#8220; (Crus Class\u00e9s). V\u0161echny tyto zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed nyn\u00ed ve slo\u017een\u00ed \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 Pessac-\u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u044c\u044f\u043d (Pessac-L\u00e9ognan).\n<\/p>\n<p>T\u0159eba sladk\u00e1 v\u00edna \u0421\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 (Sauternes) v roce 1855 byly za\u0159azeny jako prvn\u00ed a druh\u00fd cru (Premier \u0421\u0433\u0438, Deuxi\u00e8me Cru) se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00edm chateau d &#8218;Ikem (Chateau D&#8216; Yquem) jako \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044c\u0435 cru \u0441\u044e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440 (Premier Cru Sup\u00e9rieur).\n<\/p>\n<h3>Champagne<\/h3>\n<p>\nPokud v Burgundsku klasifikovan\u00e9 vinice a v Bordeaux, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, pak v Champagne jsou klasifikov\u00e1ny cel\u00e9 vesnice, p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed jim status Premier Cru a Grand Cru. <\/p>\n<p class=\"thesis\">V Champagne klasifikovan\u00e9 cel\u00e9 vesnice<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/4046552950127b6e5e2d91bf74993b55.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"remark\">\u0160ampa\u0148sk\u00e9 z vinice vesnice t\u0159\u00eddy Grand Cru (Mai)<\/p>\n<p>\nHodnocen\u00ed samotn\u00fdch vinic v Champagne, stejn\u011b jako v Burgundsku, m\u00e1 v\u00edce dlouhou a pestrou historii. Tradi\u010dn\u011b, slu\u017eby v ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst v regionu jsou p\u0159ipisov\u00e1ny \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 mnich Doma \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0443 (1638-1715), spolu s jeho inovace prax\u00ed \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f v\u00edn (v\u011bt\u0161inou klidn\u00e9) pro dosa\u017een\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 kvality v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho produktu.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nM\u00edstn\u00ed hierarchick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00e1 \u042d\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c de Cru (\u00c9chelle des Crus), doslovn\u011b &#8222;schody v\u00fdnosy&#8220;, byl p\u0159edstaven v roce 1911 jako mechanismus stanoven\u00ed cen za produkty p\u011bstitel\u016fm, kter\u00fd je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00fdm dom\u016fm \u2013 v reakci na s\u00e9rii rolnick\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00edch p\u0159edchoz\u00edch n\u011bkolika let.<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0160ampa\u0148sk\u00e9 vesnice grand cru (Grand Cru) \u2013 to jsou ti, co se dostali maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed 100% koeficient pro v\u00fdpo\u010det ceny za sv\u00e9 plodiny od pevn\u00e9 maximum stanoven\u00e9 v\u00fdborem pro p\u011bstitele r\u00e9vy a vina\u0159\u016f. Pro vesnice \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 cru (Premier Cru) koeficient \u010dinil 90-99% pevn\u00e9 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed ceny. Pro ostatn\u00ed se cena pohybovala v rozmez\u00ed 80-89% z nastaven\u00e9ho maxima.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nStatus grand cru p\u016fvodn\u011b obdr\u017eeli 12 vesnic. Je\u0161t\u011b 5 byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny k nim v roce 1985. Dnes se prostor pod r\u00e9vou v\u0161ech 17 obc\u00ed Grand Cru je ne v\u00edce ne\u017e 9% celkov\u00e9 plochy vinic v Champagne.<\/p>\n<h3>Alsasko<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u042d\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 v\u00edno s n\u00e1pisem Grand Cru by m\u011blo doj\u00edt z jednoho z 51 samostatn\u00fdch vinic, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9no. Oni jsou roztrou\u0161eny po cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed Alsaska a li\u0161\u00ed se \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, ale st\u00e1le v rozmez\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky 200-300 metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em. Jejich velikost se pohybuje od 3 ha do 80 \u0433\u0430.<br \/>\nKa\u017ed\u00e9mu \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 Alsaska odpov\u00eddal sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d (od roku 2012).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nP\u016fvodn\u011b (v 1973\u043c) odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00farovni grand cru byla uzn\u00e1na jako jedin\u00e1 vinice \u2013 Schlossberg. Kategorie byla pr\u00e1vn\u011b formalizov\u00e1na v roce 1983, s p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm je\u0161t\u011b 24\u0445 vinic. V roce 1992 se k nim p\u0159idali je\u0161t\u011b 25. V roce 2007 vinice Kaefferkopf se stala posledn\u00ed v okam\u017eiku, kdy dopln\u011bn\u00ed tohoto seznamu.\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/6f07198b8654fd7ec144fd61fe9d8e69.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\nA\u017e do ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 doby, mnoho v\u00fdrobc\u016f skeptick\u00fd chovali k tomuto syst\u00e9mu. Do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry proto, \u017ee v\u011b\u0159ili jeho po\u017eadavky na kvalitu dost omezuj\u00edc\u00ed, nav\u00edc n\u011bkter\u00e9 vinice byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 a nevyrovnan\u00e1 povaha p\u016fdy a expozice vinice. Hugel zat\u00edm \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 sv\u00e9 top-end v\u00edno vlastn\u00ed zna\u010dky. Ve stran\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 a Leon Beyer. Ale obecn\u011b, uvoln\u011bn\u00ed v\u00edna Grand Cru spl\u0148uje v\u0161echny v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nad\u0161en\u00ed mezi vina\u0159\u016f nov\u00e9 generace.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nStejn\u011b jako v Burgundsku, zde je p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed praxe spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed vinic\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobci. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, n\u011bkdy tyto pozemky (pod\u00edl), obdr\u017e\u00ed vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9no a je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za monopol. Nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad \u2013 obl\u00e9kl Clos Sainte Hune v hranic\u00edch vinice Grand Cru Rosacker, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dnosti Trimbach.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nNev\u00fdrazn\u00fd francouzsk\u00fdch klasifikovan\u00fdch v\u00edn je alsask\u00e1 praxe pokyny odr\u016fd na etiket\u011b. Nevztahuje se na m\u00edstn\u00ed v\u00edna grand cru. P\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 odr\u016fdami pro tuto kategorii jsou ryzlink r\u00fdnsk\u00fd, tram\u00edn \u010derven\u00fd, mu\u0161k\u00e1t a rulandsk\u00e9 \u0161ed\u00e9. V\u00fdjimka \u2013 vinice Zotzenberg, specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0440, nen\u00ed povoleno ani v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m jin\u00e9m grand cru Alsaska. P\u0159i tomto, Grand Cru Zotzenberg ned\u011blat z mu\u0161k\u00e1tov\u00e9ho o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ku, i kdy\u017e to taky zde roste.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPokud v Burgundsku jen dva \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho grand cru mohou uvol\u0148ovat jak b\u00edl\u00e1, tak i \u010derven\u00e1 v\u00edna (\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d a \u041c\u044e\u0437\u0438\u043d\u044c\u0438), pak v Alsasku jen dv\u011b grand cru povoleno vyd\u00e1n\u00ed \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 (na z\u00e1klad\u011b ryzlink r\u00fdnsk\u00fd v Altenberg de Bergheim a na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0433\u0435\u0432\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 v Kaefferkopf). Ostatn\u00ed jsou omezeny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi dv\u011bma ze \u010dty\u0159 v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch odr\u016fd.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nOd roku 2015 INAO (francouzsk\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd regul\u00e1tor) zva\u017euje mo\u017enost zaveden\u00ed v Alsasku kategorie \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 cru. S t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed zm\u011bny v seznamu grand cru sadem.<\/p>\n<p class=\"block\">Dov\u011btek: ot\u00e1zka v\u00fdnosy<\/p>\n<p>\nNechali jsme za r\u00e1mcem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku ot\u00e1zku rozd\u00edlnosti povolen\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed v\u00fdnos\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch francouzsk\u00fdch grand cru a uvnit\u0159 region\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0439. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee Champagne stoj\u00ed s\u00e1m, proto\u017ee m\u00edra v\u00fdnosu v Champagne je definov\u00e1n v cel\u00e9m regionu pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0430. Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd aspekt z hlediska managementu jakosti v\u00edna vy\u017eaduje psan\u00ed samostatn\u00fd prostorov\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd jsme ur\u010dit\u011b uvoln\u011bn\u00ed, jakmile \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f s duchem.\n<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: port\u00e1l wine-searcher.com \u010cervenec 2018<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Grand cru (grand cru) v historicky \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c p\u0159ekladu z francouz\u0161tiny znamen\u00e1 &#8222;sklize\u0148 s vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed pozemku&#8220;, kde cru \u2013 participium od slovesa cro\u00eetre \u2013&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informace"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3029"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3029\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}