{"id":3019,"date":"2020-01-09T12:02:57","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T09:02:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/strikajici-sampanske\/"},"modified":"2020-01-09T12:02:57","modified_gmt":"2020-01-09T09:02:57","slug":"strikajici-sampanske","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/strikajici-sampanske\/","title":{"rendered":"St\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n Dal\u0161\u00ed studie vrh\u00e1 porci sv\u011btlo na z\u00e1hadnou povahu \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho.
\nA znovu se potvrzuje, \u017ee velkou roli spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 sklenice.<\/p>\n

\nSkupina v\u011bdc\u016f z University of Reims, kdo se pt\u00e1 c\u00edlem odhalit tajemstv\u00ed bubliny v champagne a zjistit, pro\u010d n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00edno z champagne v \u0443\u043d\u044b\u043b\u0443\u044e pr\u016fm\u011brnost, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 nut\u00ed porazit font\u00e1nou, z n\u00ed\u017e trysk\u00e1 p\u0159es okraj.\n<\/p>\n

\nGerard, 41-rok-star\u00fd vedouc\u00ed t\u00fdmu, jsem si jist\u00fd, \u017ee se jim poda\u0159ilo otev\u0159\u00edt v\u011bci, dosud nikomu zn\u00e1m\u00e9. Nechci b\u00fdt frustruj\u00edc\u00ed \u0416\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0430, kter\u00fd otev\u0159el v laborato\u0159i to, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed milovn\u00edci \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho ji\u017e dlouho zn\u00e1mo, na \u00farovni dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, \u2013 pr\u00e1ci jeho t\u00fdm odvedl, je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd.\n<\/p>\n

Co se jim poda\u0159ilo zjistit?<\/p>\n

\nV jedn\u00e9 l\u00e1hvi \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho zav\u0159en\u00fd 10 milion\u016f bublinek. Dosahuje povrchu v\u00edna, tyto bubliny exploduj\u00ed (jev, \u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 n\u00e1zev „jet \u0423\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430“). V\u011bdci \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043b\u0438 tento proces na kameru, \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e 5000 sn\u00edmk\u016f za sekundu.\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\nNa vysokorychlostn\u00ed s\u00e9rie sn\u00edmk\u016f je vid\u011bt, jak bubliny vyleze na povrch a praskne, a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na n\u00ed mikro-kr\u00e1ter. \u0421\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c, tohoto kr\u00e1teru chrl\u00ed \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho, kter\u00e1 let\u00ed na drobn\u00e9 kapky, zvedaj\u00edc\u00ed se do v\u00fd\u0161ky 10 cm od povrchu.\n<\/p>\n

\nPomoc\u00ed hmotnostn\u00ed v\u00fdkonem spektrometru ultra-vysok\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed v\u011bdci analyzovali chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed vzork\u016f a zjistili, \u017ee bublinky \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho napln\u011bn\u00e9 „povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00ed“ molekulami, z nich\u017e stovky aromatick\u00fdch, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed oblak v\u016fn\u011b nad sklenkou \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho.\n<\/p>\n

\nV\u011bdci tak\u00e9 zjistili, pro\u010d vyt\u00e9k\u00e1 z bublinek \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e tzv. „perlou nit\u00ed“, rod\u00ed z ur\u010dit\u00fdch bod\u016f sklenice. To se d\u011bje v d\u016fsledku n\u00e1razu na st\u011bny sklenice mikroskopick\u00fdch klk\u016f od kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho ru\u010dn\u00edky p\u0159i \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 a dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 se dostanou do sklenice z okoln\u00edho prostoru. Molekuly oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho jsou shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1ny na t\u011bchto \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 a, spojovac\u00ed, tvo\u0159\u00ed bubliny.\n<\/p>\n

\nSklenice, um\u00fdt v my\u010dce, v n\u00ed\u017e byli su\u0161\u00ed vzduchem v poloze dnem vzh\u016fru, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak \u010dist\u00e9, \u017ee bubliny v nich se objev\u00ed \u017ealostn\u011b m\u00e1lo.\n<\/p>\n

\nP\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdrobci vinn\u00e9 n\u00e1dob\u00ed za\u010daly pou\u017e\u00edvat lasery pro potisk \u043a\u0430\u0439\u043c\u044b mikro-vady na dn\u011b sklenic na \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9, aby \u0161t\u00edhl\u00fd tok kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch drobn\u00fdch bublinek. Milovn\u00edci champagne si mohou pomoci sami t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u00e1r \u0161kr\u00e1banc\u016f na sv\u00e9m \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435. Ale to nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 b\u00fdt horliv\u00fd \u2013 varuj\u00ed odborn\u00edci \u2013 chcete-li uspo\u0159\u00e1dat drsnou a odplyn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 masivn\u00ed exodus bubliny.\n<\/p>\n

\nStudijn\u00ed skupiny \u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 v\u011bdc\u016f, jak se jim zd\u00e1, ukon\u010dit a \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 sporu kolem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho tvaru sklenice na \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9. Sv\u011bt se dlouho tr\u00e1pil ot\u00e1zkou: p\u00edt, zda \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9 z „fl\u00e9tny“ \u2013 vysok\u00e9 \u00fazk\u00e9 sklenice na dlouh\u00e9 noze, nebo z „\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043a“ \u2013 \u0161irok\u00fdch m\u011blk\u00fdch pol\u00e9vkov\u00e9 m\u00edsy, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445, podle \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0439 legendy, tvaru prsu Marie Antoinetty.\n<\/p>\n

\nPlynov\u00e1 chromatografie ukazuje, \u017ee v „\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435“ \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1c\u00ed \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0443 minim\u00e1ln\u011b o t\u0159etinu rychleji ne\u017e ve „fl\u00e9tnu“. Tak \u017ee, ne-li p\u00edt jeho o t\u0159etinu rychleji, pak riskujete, \u017ee se neztratil \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 bubliny.\n<\/p>\n

\nMimochodem, p\u00edt \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9 z plastov\u00fdch kel\u00edmk\u016f (bez dal\u0161\u00ed aspekty) \u2013 taky n\u00e1pad, tak sob\u011b. Plastov\u00fd povrch \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430, tj. odpuzuje kapaliny. Bublinky se p\u0159ichyt\u00ed k plastov\u00fdm st\u011bn\u00e1ch v d\u016fsledku \u00fa\u010dinku \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 a tvo\u0159\u00ed velk\u00e9 nevzhledn\u00e9 bubliny.\n<\/p>\n

\nTato studie byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna v publikac\u00edch zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na fyzik\u016f, pracuj\u00edc\u00edch s kapalinami a odborn\u00edk\u016f n\u00e1pojov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, pracuj\u00edc\u00ed s pivem, \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 v\u00edna a \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439.\n<\/p>\n

\nV samotn\u00e9m Champagne tato studie vzali na palubu vina\u0159i pro kalibraci parametr\u016f sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed fermentace v lahvi p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho.\n<\/p>\n

\n „Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak dos\u00e1hnout kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 bubliny \u2013 to je sn\u00ed\u017eit obsah rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch v barv\u011b champagne oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. A to z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mno\u017estv\u00ed cukru,“ \u2013 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 vedouc\u00ed skupiny.\n <\/p>\n

\nTradi\u010dn\u011b, pro spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed fermentace v champagne p\u0159idal 24 gram\u016f cukru na litr v\u00edna. Te\u010f se trend na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed t\u00e9to normy a\u017e 18 gram\u016f na litr \u2013 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed podle z\u00e1kon\u016f \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430.\n<\/p>\n

\nMilovn\u00edci \u0161umiv\u00fdch v\u00edce l\u00edb\u00ed jemn\u00e9 bublinky – pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b proto, \u017ee jsou spojeny s \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00fdm.
\nA v\u011bdci n\u00e1hle konfrontov\u00e1n s kritikou tradicionalist\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tak v\u011bdeck\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup zab\u00edj\u00ed m\u00fdtick\u00fd auru kolem \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9. Proto\u017ee produkt champagne vina\u0159i prod\u00e1v\u00e1no jako g\u00e9nius \u0159emesla, zalo\u017een\u00e9 na prastar\u00fdch znalost\u00ed a v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd „\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0443\u0430\u0440“.\n<\/p>\n

\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b, kucha\u0159, sommelier p\u011bti \u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e chateau Les Crayeres si jist\u00fd, \u017ee v\u00edno a v\u011bda jsou docela schopn\u00e9 j\u00edt ruku v ruce. „Kdy\u017e vid\u00edte v\u00fdsledky tohoto v\u00fdzkumu, uv\u011bdom\u00edte si, jak \u043d\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e ji\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed „\u043f\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043a“. U n\u00e1s jsme jim u\u017e nebude platit“ \u2013 \u0159ekl.\n<\/p>\n

\nA co se stane s experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00fdm, kdy\u017e experiment skon\u010dil? V\u011bdci jeho \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442?
\n„Bohu\u017eel, ne, \u2013 je uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n vedouc\u00ed projektu – do tohoto bodu je ji\u017e tepl\u00e9 a poj\u00edzdn\u00e9 k j\u00eddlu. Vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee jsem \u0441\u043b\u0438\u043b v d\u0159ezu v\u00edc \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho, ne\u017e kdokoli jin\u00fd na t\u00e9to planet\u011b“.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dal\u0161\u00ed studie vrh\u00e1 porci sv\u011btlo na z\u00e1hadnou povahu \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9ho. A znovu se potvrzuje, \u017ee velkou roli spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 sklenice. Skupina v\u011bdc\u016f z University of…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informace"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3019","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3019"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3019\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}