{"id":2970,"date":"2020-01-09T11:42:57","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T08:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/chemie-vina-v-lahvi-a-nove-zatky\/"},"modified":"2020-01-09T11:42:57","modified_gmt":"2020-01-09T08:42:57","slug":"chemie-vina-v-lahvi-a-nove-zatky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/chemie-vina-v-lahvi-a-nove-zatky\/","title":{"rendered":"Chemie v\u00edna v l\u00e1hvi a nov\u00e9 z\u00e1tky"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n Zn\u00ed to velmi vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed, to ch\u00e1pu. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b zde, snad, se staly nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objevy posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed v boji za kvalitu v\u00edna.\n <\/p>\n

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\nP\u0159ed 20 lety u p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho korku byla prakticky monopol v oblasti omezen\u00ed lahv\u00ed v\u00edna. A \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c to s t\u00edm \u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e, abych byl up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd. Zejm\u00e9na, australan\u00e9 byli krmeni na krku probl\u00e9my s \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 z\u00e1tky: hodnocen\u00ed se pohybovala, ale celkov\u011b a\u017e 10% v\u00edn v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00edch byly \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b kv\u016fli „korkov\u00e9 nemoci“ nebo p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 kv\u016fli probl\u00e9m\u016fm s n\u00edm. Probl\u00e9m hled\u00e1n\u00ed alternativ k vystupoval velmi ost\u0159e.\n<\/p>\n

\nNejprve staly zkou\u0161et z\u00e1tky z plastu.\n<\/p>\n

\nSyntetika prvn\u00ed generace byla zhotovena s pomoc\u00ed lit\u00ed pod tlakem a siln\u011b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430 modern\u00edm vzor\u016fm. I p\u0159es nedostatky (jedn\u00edm z nich byl probl\u00e9m s na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed z l\u00e1hve), ty z\u00e1tky dos\u00e1hli skromn\u00e9, ale \u00fasp\u011bch v polovin\u011b 1990\u0445.\n<\/p>\n

\nDal\u0161\u00edm hlavn\u00edm kandid\u00e1tem na v\u00fdm\u011bnu stala \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f kryt. Jej\u00ed sna\u017eili implementovat do Austr\u00e1lie je\u0161t\u011b v roce 1970, ale spot\u0159ebitel si uv\u011bdomil, a pokus selhal.\n<\/p>\n

\nNov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443, co se odehr\u00e1lo v 1999\u043c, kdy v\u00fdrobce Orlando se rozhodl ukon\u010dit sv\u016fj nejlep\u0161\u00ed ryzlink r\u00fdnsk\u00fd, a to jak tradi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1tkou a \u0161roubovac\u00edmi uz\u00e1v\u011bry. V d\u016fsledku prodeje \u0161roub lahv\u00ed obe\u0161el tradi\u010dn\u00ed. A pak do 2000m n\u011bkolik v\u00fdrobc\u016f z Clare Valley se spojily a spole\u010dn\u011b vydali sv\u00e9 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0438 se \u0161roubovac\u00edmi, \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432 je to velk\u00fd \u0448\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0439 v M\u00c9DI\u00cdCH.\n<\/p>\n

\nPak vina\u0159i Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu taky sp\u011bchal \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c sv\u00e9 \u010derstv\u00e9 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u044b nov\u00fdm-fangled v\u00ed\u010dky.\n<\/p>\n

\nTak jsme o v\u011bd\u011b.\n<\/p>\n

\nPak, \u017ee v\u0161ichni m\u011bli p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee role korku \u2013 zarazit l\u00e1hev, aby nedo\u0161lo k pronikl vzduch a nen\u00ed \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e v\u00edno. Co se \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e, tak to pochopen\u00ed role, kterou hraje korek v p\u0159\u00edstupu na l\u00e1hev micro d\u00e1vky kysl\u00edku a obrovsk\u00e9m vlivu posledn\u00edho na stav a v\u00fdvoj v\u00edna v l\u00e1hvi.\n<\/p>\n

\n Pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem v\u00fdzkumu tohoto t\u00e9matu se stal Australsk\u00fd Institut Sklad V\u00edna (AWRI), otev\u0159el v\u0161em o\u010di na z\u00e1zraky vinn\u00e9 chemie v uzav\u0159en\u00e9 l\u00e1hvi.\n<\/p>\n

\nVe studii \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e to sam\u00e9 v\u00edno \u2013 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 v dub\u011b \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0439\u043e\u043d 1999 od Clare Valley \u2013 zav\u0159eno 14 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy provozu. V\u0161echny l\u00e1hve se konaly testy na chu\u0165 a in vitro v pravideln\u00fdch intervalech. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, v\u00fdsledek je takov\u00fd: syntetick\u00e9 z\u00e1tky, pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto experimentu, chyb\u011bl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho kysl\u00edku, co\u017e vedlo k p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e v\u00edna.\n<\/p>\n

\nUkazatele pro v\u00fdrobu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy byly lep\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br, ale rozd\u00edly mezi vzorky byl zna\u010dn\u00fd, plus n\u011bkolik \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 lahv\u00ed z-za „kortik\u00e1ln\u00ed nemoci“.\n<\/p>\n

\nTechnick\u00e9 korku (to kter\u00e9 \u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u2013 tj. z tlakov\u00e9 drobky \u2013 ale s \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 p\u0159ekryvy na okraj\u00edch ca.\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432.) uk\u00e1zalo lep\u0161\u00ed, pokud jde o vynech\u00e1n\u00ed kysl\u00edku, s v\u00edce rovn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky a dobrou schopnost\u00ed udr\u017eovat sv\u011b\u017eest v\u00edna. Ale „korkov\u00e9 nemoc“ se t\u00fdkala jejich taky, i kdy\u017e v men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e.\n<\/p>\n

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\n\u0160roub se uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt l\u00eddry z hlediska zachov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011b\u017eesti mlad\u00e9ho v\u00edna, ale chyb\u011bl tak m\u00e1lo kysl\u00edku, \u017ee v chuti v\u00edna se objevuje charakteristick\u00e9 pro redukci odst\u00edny gumy a \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e pazourek.\n<\/p>\n

\nJe t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee pro \u0161roub uz\u00e1v\u011bru objem p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9ho vzduchu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na materi\u00e1lu pou\u017eit\u00e9 s nimi podlo\u017eek. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou dva typy s velmi odli\u0161n\u00fdmi vlastnostmi.\n<\/p>\n

\nV uveden\u00e9 experimentu byl pou\u017eit ten, \u017ee s \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c vrstvou (vlevo na obr. n\u00ed\u017ee). P\u0159esn\u011b t\u011bmito zav\u00edraj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echna v\u00edna z Austr\u00e1lie a Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu. Jim chyb\u00ed jen velmi m\u00e1lo kysl\u00edku.\n<\/p>\n

\nDruh\u00fd typ \u2013 s polymer t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed Saranex (v\u00fdrobn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti Dow Chemical) propou\u0161t\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b kysl\u00edku, ne\u017e syntetick\u00e9 z\u00e1tky, ale o n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je cel\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n

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\nZ\u00e1v\u011br z tohoto v\u00fdzkumu je v tom, \u017ee ot\u00e1zky vina\u0159stv\u00ed nejsou omezeny kroku \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. Mno\u017estv\u00ed pronikaj\u00edc\u00ed pod z\u00e1tku vzduchu m\u00e1 vliv na stav uzav\u0159en\u00e9 obsahu a nakonec \u2013 na chu\u0165 a v\u016fni toho, co jste \u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0442\u0435 do sklenice.\n<\/p>\n

\nJe nemo\u017en\u00e9 zastavit \u010das \u017eivota v\u00edna, jeho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v absolutn\u011b vzduchot\u011bsn\u00e9 n\u00e1dob\u011b. V\u00edno je v\u017edy i nad\u00e1le m\u011bnit po \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, a proto je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zvolit typ korku, kter\u00fd bude maxim\u00e1ln\u011b odpov\u00eddat stylu v\u00edna a osada kdy je jeho spot\u0159eba.\n<\/p>\n

\nDnes z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 18,3 miliardy ro\u010dn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch lahv\u00ed asi 5,7 miliardy zav\u00edraj\u00ed alternativn\u00edmi druhy z\u00e1cpy. Vina\u0159i nyn\u00ed v\u011bnovat pozornost ot\u00e1zce p\u0159\u00edstupu kysl\u00edku do l\u00e1hve, jeho vlivu na chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed v\u00edna p\u0159i \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 a d\u00e1le skladov\u00e1n\u00ed. A v\u00fdrobci p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy v\u0161emi silami sna\u017e\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit procento ka\u017een\u00ed v\u00edna od „korkov\u00e9 nemoci“.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zn\u00ed to velmi vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed, to ch\u00e1pu. Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b zde, snad, se staly nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objevy posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed v boji za kvalitu v\u00edna. P\u0159ed 20…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informace"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2970\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}