{"id":2938,"date":"2020-01-09T11:29:07","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T08:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/mytologie-vina\/"},"modified":"2020-01-09T11:29:07","modified_gmt":"2020-01-09T08:29:07","slug":"mytologie-vina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/mytologie-vina\/","title":{"rendered":"Mytologie v\u00edna"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Tam bohov\u00e9 jsou pora\u017een\u00ed, bohov\u00e9-\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b. Jejich \u010das vypr\u0161el, jm\u00e9na jsou zapomenuta, stejn\u011b kult byl uha\u0161en. A tam jsou „\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9“ bohov\u00e9. Oni k n\u00e1m p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed na dlouhou tra\u0165, rychle \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 na\u0161e srdce a ovl\u00e1dal se nad n\u00e1mi po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed.\n <\/p>\n

\nPraotce vina\u0159stv\u00ed Dionysus (\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0445, \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441) \u2014 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd a \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd b\u016fh! P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee to m\u00e1 orient\u00e1ln\u00ed (\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 a \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0444\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435) ko\u0159eny. V \u0158ecku \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159ijet\u00ed jeho kultu se t\u00fdk\u00e1 VIII-VII stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, i kdy\u017e jm\u00e9no boha se vyskytuje na cihl\u00e1ch kr\u00e9tsk\u00e9 line\u00e1rn\u00ed dopisy podstatn\u011b d\u0159\u00edve \u2014 v XIV stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem\n<\/p>\n

\nZa historicky kr\u00e1tkou dobu comer d\u011bl\u00e1 z\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00edhodnou „kari\u00e9ru“ \u2014 nejprve p\u0159em\u00edst\u00ed v konkuren\u010dn\u00edm boji mnoha duch\u016f, d\u00e9mon\u016f a bo\u017estev, kter\u00e9 ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed antick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, a pak se zvedne na vrchol Olympu, po p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed do slo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fd \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 „elity“. Pozd\u011bji jeho moc se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila i na „barbarsk\u00e9“ kmeny. <\/p>\n

\n\u041f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 pr\u016fvod Dion\u00fdsa na zem\u011b Hellas za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 s r\u016fstem m\u011bst a rozvojem \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 demokracie. V Delphi je uct\u00edv\u00e1n ne m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e Apollo. V At\u00e9n\u00e1ch cel\u00e9 m\u011bsto \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f na slavnostn\u00ed proces\u00ed, kde se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 posv\u00e1tn\u00fd s\u0148atek mezi bohem r\u00e9vy a \u017eena se \u0430\u0440\u0445\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0430. Na \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435 jednou za dva roky zu\u0159\u00ed orgie, pro kter\u00e9 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438 z Attiky a ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b Lochu za sl\u00e1vu Bacchus sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed tragick\u00fdch a komick\u00fdch b\u00e1sn\u00edk\u016f, sbory \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0431\u044b, herci hraj\u00ed nov\u00e9 komedie. Mimochodem, d\u00edky \u0414\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0443 vznikl a \u017e\u00e1nr trag\u00e9die (\u0159eck\u00e9 slovo tragodia doslova znamen\u00e1 „p\u00edse\u0148 o \u043a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0435“ nebo „p\u00edse\u0148 kozl\u016f“, to je \u043a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u2014 satelity boha).\n<\/p>\n

\nDionysus-\u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b nejen s apollo hospital. Pronikl i do „sf\u00e9ry vlivu“ jeho koleno Afrodity, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pod \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0436 tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 oblasti lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, jako \u010dasnou l\u00e1sku. Symbol \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u2014 posv\u00e1tn\u00fd falus, kter\u00fd znamen\u00e1 pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota a plodnosti.\n<\/p>\n

\nR\u00e9va, naleznete \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c, rychle \u0161el do r\u016fstu a \u010dasem vstoupila do sv\u00e9 moci cel\u00fd sv\u011bt. To \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0430 j\u00eddlo na hostinu, a \u017eivot ve sv\u00e1tek. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 v\u00edna z\u00edsk\u00e1vali v\u00fdmluvnost b\u00e1sn\u00edk\u016f a moudrost boh\u016f, „um\u00edrali“ pro \u017eivot pozemsk\u00fd a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c do \u017eivota „v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho“. B\u016fh vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9vy byl v\u011brn\u00fdm milencem pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ze sv\u00fdch u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f.\n<\/p>\n

\nMezit\u00edm p\u016fvod \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441\u0430 temn\u00e9 a pochybn\u00e9. Jeho matkou byla to zda Persephone (bohyn\u011b kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed mrtv\u00fdch), pak u\u017e Demeter (bo\u017estvo plodnosti), pak u\u017e „b\u011b\u017en\u00e1“ \u017eena \u2013 Semel, dcera th\u00e9bsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1le Kad-ma (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f, nicm\u00e9n\u011b, na mate\u0159skou od Afrodity). Posledn\u00ed verze z\u00edskala nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, i kdy\u017e pochyby v pr\u00e1vu Dion\u00fdsa na olympijsk\u00fd chin. Semel p\u0159esto nebyla bohyn\u00ed, a pokud jde o otce…\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0426\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 tvrdila, \u017ee po\u010dala d\u00edt\u011b Zeus, vedouc\u00edho antick\u00e9ho pantheonu, ale sestry j\u00ed nev\u011b\u0159ili. A\u0165 je tomu jakkoli, kr\u00e1sa stalo doslova „ho\u0159et z l\u00e1sky“. Jednoho dne se \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 Zeus dostavit se k n\u00ed v cel\u00e9 sv\u00e9 majest\u00e1tnosti. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva se konala, ale byl nesm\u00edrn\u011b jen.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0413\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0446 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b svou milou ohn\u011bm a d\u00edt\u011bte narozen\u00e9ho \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c, vytrhl z ohn\u011b a \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043b na sv\u00e9 stehno. (Nen\u00ed od otce, zda zd\u011bdil Dionysus \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e povahu a n\u011bjakou unrestraint charakteru?..)
\n\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432 syna, Zeus pov\u011b\u0159il \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0443 d\u00e1t ho na v\u00fdchovu \u043d\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0444\u0430\u043c. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee i v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b opatrovn\u00edk nen\u00ed daleko se sv\u00fdm obvin\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 Hermes a Dionysus „se vyskytuj\u00ed“ v ka\u017ed\u00e9 l\u00e1hvi dobr\u00e9ho v\u00edna! Koneckonc\u016f, „uzav\u0159en\u00fdch“ obal nese jm\u00e9no Hermes je proto, \u017ee to byl mistr \u0443\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c c\u00e9vy, tak\u017ee p\u0159i del\u0161\u00edm skladov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edna nen\u00ed \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c.\n<\/p>\n

\nNaj\u00edt r\u00e9vy, \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441 chodil po zemi obklopen velmi barvit\u00e9 dru\u017eina, o kterou se s pln\u00fdm opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00edm m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee to „nen\u00ed \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0430“. Satiry a \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0435 b\u0159e\u010d\u0165an-kryt\u00e9, ozbrojen\u00e9 \u0442\u0438\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 (pruty), zahrnut\u00fdch posv\u00e1tn\u00fd \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c a op\u00e1san\u00e9 hady, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 v\u0161echny na cest\u011b, vytrhne s ko\u0159eny stromy, \u0443\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c krv\u00ed \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 divok\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a s pl\u00e1\u010dem „\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0445, \u042d\u0432\u043e\u0435!“ \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 Dion\u00fdsa. V\u00edno lilos \u0159eky, aby zapojil sv\u00e9 proud\u00ed tis\u00edce mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een.\n<\/p>\n

\nJe mo\u017en\u00e9 vysv\u011btlit \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e p\u0159ita\u017elivost „vinn\u00e9ho boha“? Pro\u010d tento b\u016fh-prince dvoj\u00ed krve, b\u016fh-pov\u00fd\u0161enec (jak by \u0159ekli jeho tetu) z\u00edskal si pr\u00e1vo st\u00e1t v jedn\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b s obyvateli Olympu? Co nab\u00eddl lidstvu \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441 a pro\u010d jsou lid\u00e9 tak vysoce ocenil n\u00e1poj, kter\u00fd je, z hlediska chemik, je ne v\u00edce ne\u017e fermentovan\u00e1 hroznovou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vou?\n<\/p>\n

\nMo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee d\u016fvodem je to, \u017ee r\u00e9va \u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 svobodu, neomezenou svobodu. Jeden z epithets stejn\u011b Dion\u00fdsa \u2013 „Liberator“ („\u041b\u0438\u042d\u0439“), Se trh\u00e1, pouta ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota, zm\u00edr\u0148uje \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 omezen\u00ed, emancipates touhy.\n<\/p>\n

\nV \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0441\u0435 zakotvena my\u0161lenka radost, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u2014 n\u00e1pad \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e radost, vedouc\u00ed k \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed a smrti. Hrozby, \u0442\u0430\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f v \u0434\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 ji\u017e v obdob\u00ed sv\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho rozkv\u011btu. V \u0158\u00edm\u011b se v\u00edno nen\u00ed dovoleno p\u00edt osob\u00e1m mlad\u0161\u00edm 35 let. A \u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u044b a v\u016fbec zavedli u sebe „such\u00fd z\u00e1kon“, toti\u017e nejen p\u00edt v\u00edno, ale i dov\u00e1\u017eet na sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed.\n<\/p>\n

\nDion\u00fdsos miloval a b\u00e1l se. Lidi \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e a stra\u0161\u00e1k ob\u0159ad prom\u011bny \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e hroznov\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy v opojn\u00fd n\u00e1poj. \u0158\u00edkali, \u017ee \u0412\u0430\u043a\u0445 vlastn\u00ed \u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c kouzlem a je schopen prom\u011bnit v \u0445\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed voda. V \u0159ad\u011b m\u00fdt\u016f, kter\u00e9 se dochovaly stopy d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho tabu, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e v\u00edna pod hrozbou smrti. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u011b to \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c „leg\u00e1ln\u011b“ jen z\u00e1stupci kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9m \u0161lechty. V\u00edno hr\u00e1l roli vodi\u010de mezi v\u00fd\u017eivou a \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c sv\u011bty, zkracuje obdob\u00ed vstupu do transu, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu ministra kultu mohl komunikovat s nadp\u0159irozenou moc a sv\u011btem st\u00edn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jak \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vinohradnictv\u00ed prastar\u00e9 tabu \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e, a mo\u017enost dostat se do styku s duchy, (nebo alespo\u0148 z\u00edskat pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed z jemn\u00e9 chuti n\u00e1poje) se stal ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm.\n<\/p>\n

\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 ochutn\u00e1vky!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tam bohov\u00e9 jsou pora\u017een\u00ed, bohov\u00e9-\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b. Jejich \u010das vypr\u0161el, jm\u00e9na jsou zapomenuta, stejn\u011b kult byl uha\u0161en. A tam jsou „\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9“ bohov\u00e9. Oni k n\u00e1m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informace"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2938"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2938\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vine-nn.ru\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}